90 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
90 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
+++
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title = "Panning"
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chapter = false
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weight = 3
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#pre = "<b>1. </b>"
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+++
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Panning helps to establish a **Stereo Field**, a relative space between the speakers in which to
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place your sounds and instruments.
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Once you have established a good balance of levels on all the Tracks,
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you can begin to think about panning.
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## The Panning Interface
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The **Panning** control in Ardour is located in the middle of the mixer
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strip.
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A Mono Track will have a Mono Panner. It looks like this:
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A Stereo Track will have a Stereo Panner, like this:
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### Mono Panner
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The default Mono Panner distributes 1 input to 2 outputs. Its behaviour
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is controlled by a single parameter, the *position*. By default, the
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panner is centered. You can change the position by clicking and dragging
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directly on the Mono Panner. Right-click on the panner to access other
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options.
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### Stereo Panner
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The default Stereo Panner distributes 2 inputs to 2 outputs. Its
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behaviour is controlled by two parameters, *width* and *position*. By
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default, the panner is centered at full width.
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Click and drag either the Left or the Right button to change the
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*width*. For example, if you bring them closer together it will look
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like this:
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With a narrower width, you can also drag the top handle to change the
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relative center position, like this:
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If we make the Left and Right buttons to overlap completely (that is,
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width is reduced to zero), the handles turn into a single signal
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indicator marked "M" (for mono):
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## Panning Tricks
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A more extensive discussion of panning philosophy and techniques is beyond the scope of this tutorial,
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but here are some general rules of thumb:
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* Guitars tend to be Panned to the left and right.
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* Vocals and bass tend to placed in the center. You want to create
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a balance so that one side is not louder then the other.
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* Headphones may be helpful in determining how instruments should be panned, and whether the mix feels lopsided because one side is too loud.
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Two other tools that are useful in creating a "spatial" or Stereo Field
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are **Reverb** and **Delay**. These effects can be used together with
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sends to create a drum send which would be further back in the mix with
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more Reverb, and a vocal send which might have a little more Delay but
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sound closer than the drums. Please see the chapter on **Using Plugins**
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and **Using Sends** for more information.
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{{% notice tip %}}
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Always keep an eye on your Levels while Panning Tracks! Panning
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a Track to one channel increases the Level of that channel. This
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may change the balance of Levels you set up in the previous chapter, and
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in extreme cases can result in Clipping. When this happens, reduce the
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overall Levels of that Track and check again how it sits in the Mix.
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{{% /notice %}}
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## Continuing
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By now, you should have a collection of Tracks which are both Mixed well
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and have an exciting Stereo Image. In the following chapters, we will
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learn about **Using Plugins** to enhance the sound of your Mix.
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Next: [USING PLUGINS](../using-plugins)
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