271 lines
8.4 KiB
HTML
271 lines
8.4 KiB
HTML
<p>
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The Tempo ruler allows changing tempo within one session, either abruptly or
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gradually over time. This is done by placing tempo markers on the ruler and
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setting up how exactly the transition happens.
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</p>
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<p>
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On the screenshot below, there are 4 bars of music at 120bpm starting at bar 27,
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then the tempo changes abruptly to 140bpm and goes on for another 4 bars at that
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tempo, then abruptly changes back to 120bpm and within the next 4 bars gradually
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goes back to 140bpm, then continues at 140bpm until the end of the session.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:75%;" width="50%" src="/images/multiple-tempo-markers.png"
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alt="Changes in tempo over time">
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<figcaption>Changes in tempo over time</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<h2>Tempo ruler modes</h2>
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<p>
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The Tempo ruler has two modes: editing tempo and mapping tempo. The mode can
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be selected in the <kbd class="menu">Edit > Tempo</kbd> menu.
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Additionally, users can select which one should be enabled by default
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<kbd class="menu">Edit > Preferences > Metronome > Default tempo
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ruler state for new sessions</kbd>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The Map Tempo mode is best suited for cases when there is a live recording
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of an instrument or multiple instruments, with some tempo imperfections. So
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before more instruments are added, e.g. MIDI-programmed drums, the tempo map
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needs to be adjusted to match the actual performance. In this mode, MIDI data
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is not adjusted for tempo map changes, so if the live recording contained
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both audio and MIDI tracks, the notes will stay exactly where they are.
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Additionally, tweaking tempo markers does not change the wall clock position
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of other tempo markers.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:75%;" width="50%" src="/images/map-tempo-example.png"
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alt="An example of mapping tempo to performance">
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<figcaption>An example of mapping tempo to performance</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>
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The Change Tempo mode is better suited for cases when the musician either
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starts a session from scratch and creates the tempo map at the beginning, or
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when they do need the MIDI data to be adjusted for tempo map changes.
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Tweaking tempo in a tempo marker in this mode also changes the wall clock
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position of subsequent tempo markers.
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</p>
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<h2>Anatomy of tempo markers</h2>
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<p>
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When working with the tempo ruler in the Change Tempo mode, each tempo
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marker exposes several editable properties:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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BPM at the start, sets a new tempo value.
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</li>
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<li>
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BPM at the end <em>(only available for gradual transitions)</em>, defines
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the tempo value at the end of a tempo ramp.
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</li>
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<li>
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Tempo (transition) type, defines whether the tempo is the same (constant)
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until the next tempo marker or whether it gradually changes (ramps up
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or down) towards the next tempo.
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</li>
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<li>
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Location of the tempo marker, defined in musical time.
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</li>
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<li>
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Lock style, defines whether tempo is locked to musical time (bars and
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beats) or real time (minutes and seconds).
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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In the Map Tempo mode, tempo markers also have these properties, but except
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for the BPM at the start value, they are not exposed in the user interface.
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</p>
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<h2>Working with tempo markers in the Edit Tempo mode</h2>
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<h3>Adding Tempo Markers</h3>
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<p>
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To add a tempo marker, hover a bar or a beat line, press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>
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and single-click. Newly created tempo marker will have the same tempo value
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as the previous one.
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</p>
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<h2>Shifting tempo markers</h2>
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<p>
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To change the position of a tempo change, do one of the two things:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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Click and drag a marker left or right. Ardour will increment the change
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by one beat.
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</li>
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<li>
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Double-click the marker or right-click it and choose
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<kbd class="menu">Edit</kbd> to open the marker properties dialog, then
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change the bar and the beat where tempo change should occur.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" width="50%" src="/images/tempo-marker-change-location.png"
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alt="Changing location of a tempo marker">
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<figcaption>Changing location of a tempo marker</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<h3>Editing tempo value</h3>
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<p>
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The tempo start value can be changed directly on the timeline or using the
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tempo marker properties dialog.
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</p>
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<p>
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To change the tempo value directly on the timeline, hover the marker, press
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<kbd>Ctrl</kbd>, and drag the marker left or right. The bpm start value will
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change, and the grid will be adjusted accordingly.
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</p>
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<p>
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Alternatively, double-click the marker or right-click it and choose
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<kbd class="menu">Edit</kbd> to open the marker properties dialog, then
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change the "Start beats per minute" value.
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</p>
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<p>
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Additionally, you can set the new tempo by tapping it in one of the two ways:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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By repeatedly clicking the <kbd class="button">Tap tempo</kbd> button
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in the dialog.
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</li>
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<li>
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By selecting a connected MIDI keyboard and repeatedly pressing either
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a piano key or a silicon pad.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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In some cases, an existing tempo marker needs to get the same value as the
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tempo marker before it, typically to start a ramp. To do that, right-click
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the tempo marker that needs to change and select the
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<kbd class="menu">Continue</kbd> menu item.
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</p>
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<h3>Constant vs ramped tempo</h3>
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<p>
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The tempo between two tempo markers with different bpm start value can stay
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the same (constant) or change gradually (ramped).
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</p>
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<p>
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When the tempo type is constant, the line between two markers stays
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horizontal:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:75%;" width="75%" src="/images/tempo-type-constant.png"
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alt="Constant tempo">
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<figcaption>Constant tempo</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>
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When the tempo is ramped, the line between two markers is diagonal:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:75%;" width="75%" src="/images/tempo-type-ramped.png"
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alt="Ramped tempo">
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<figcaption>Ramped tempo</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>
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The toggle between constant and ramped types is available in the tempo marker
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properties menu and applies forward in the timeline. Alternatively, you can
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right-click a tempo marker and select the <kbd class="menu">Ramp to Next</kbd>
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menu item. The tempo change will become gradual.
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</p>
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<p>
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To switch from the ramped type to teh constant type, either open the tempo
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marker properties dialog and switch it, or right-click a tempo marker and
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select the <kbd class="menu">Set Constant</kbd> menu item. The tempo will
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change abruptly at the next tempo marker.
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</p>
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<h3>Removing Markers</h3>
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<p>
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To remove a tempo marker, either single-click it and press <kbd>Del</kbd>
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or right-click it and select the <kbd class="menu">Remove</kbd> menu item.
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</p>
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<h3>Locking to music vs audio time</h3>
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<p>
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Audio-locked tempo markers stay in their frame position as their neighbor's
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positions are altered. Their pulse (musical) position will change as their
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neighbors move. Music-locked tempo markers move their frame position as their
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neighbors are moved, but keep their pulse position (they will move as the
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music is moved).
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</p>
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<h2>Working with tempo markers in the Map Tempo mode</h2>
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<h3>Adding tempo markers</h3>
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<p>
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In the Map Tempo mode, new tempo markers are only created at bar lines. Hover
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a bar line on the tempo ruler, this will change the mouse pointer. Then click
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and drag to align the bar line with an onset. A new tempo marker will be
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automatically created.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" width="50%" src="/images/map-tempo-bar-line.png"
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alt="Ramping in Map Tempo mode">
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<figcaption>Creating a tempo marker in Map Tempo mode</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<h3>Tweaking positions of markers</h3>
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<p>
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To tweak the position of a tempo marker, hover the bar line where it's
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located, then click and drag it left or right.
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</p>
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<h3>Ramping between tempo markers</h3>
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<p>
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In some cases, tempo fluctuates gradually during the performance. To deal
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with that, it's possible to set a tempo ramp. Create two markers, one where
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tempo begins changing, and one where it starts changing. Then hover the
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mouse pointer between bar lines and start dragging to the left or to the
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right. Dragging to the left increases the tempo at the beginning and lowers
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it towards the end. Dragging to the right increases the tempo towards the
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end and lowers it towards the beginning.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" width="50%" src="/images/map-tempo-beat-line.png"
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alt="Ramping in Map Tempo mode">
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<figcaption>Ramping in Map Tempo mode</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<h2>Further Information</h2>
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<p>
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For more details on the workflow, plese refer to the
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<a href="@@tempo-and-meter">Tempo and Time Signature</a> chapter.
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</p>
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