Add Region Gain documentation
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<p>
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Ardour allows adjusting region gain by a constant amount as opposed to
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adjusting gain envelope where it's possible to change it gradually over time.
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Like everything in Ardour, this is a non-destructive change. The result can be
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adjusted at any a later time or discarded altogether. Internally, region gain
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is an inherent property of regions, it can be edited directly in the region
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properties dialog.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" src="/images/region-properties-gain-adjusted.png" alt="Region Properties">
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<figcaption>
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Region Properties
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>
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There are two additional ways to adjust region gain: by boosting or cutting
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gain with a 1dB step, or by normalizing audio.
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</p>
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<h2>Boosting and Cutting Gain</h2>
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<p>
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The quickest way to increase or decrease gain of selected regions without
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involving the gain envelope is to use <em>Boost Gain</em> and
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<em>Cut Gain</em> commands respectively.
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</p>
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<p>
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These commands can be accessed via the main <em>Region > Gain</em> menu or
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region's context menu. A much easier way is to use shortcuts:
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<strong>Alt+6</strong> boosts gain by 1dB, <strong>Alt+7</strong> cuts gain
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by 1dB.
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</p>
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<p>
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When gain is boosted or cut, the region caption in the bottom of the affected
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region specifies the amount in parentheses. In an example below, gain was cut
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by 2dB.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" src="/images/gain-cut-example.png" alt="Gain cut">
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<figcaption>
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Gain cut
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<h2>Normalizing Audio Regions</h2>
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<p>
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Audio normalization is a way to bring the amplitude of a signal to a target
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level by applying the same amount of gain to an entire piece of audio data.
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Unlike other ways to treat perceived loudness, such as compression,
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normalization retains the original dynamic range.
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</p>
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<p>
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Normalization is a common step in exporting an entire project to an audio
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file. However, with Ardour, it's also possible to normalize some of the
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regions. This effectively changes the region gain setting, the same one that
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the boost/cut gain commands change.
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</p>
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<p>
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Region-level normalization in Ardour can be accessed via the <em>Region >
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Gain > Normalize…</em> menu command
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" src="/images/normalize-region-settings.png" alt="Normalize Region">
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<figcaption>
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Normalize Region
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>
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The normalization tool locates the part of the audio region that has the
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largest amplitude and adjusts the whole region so that that part matches the
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normalization target. In an example below, an audio region was normalized
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to -3dBFS, which led to -2.5dB gain reduction, and this is the part with the
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largest amplitude hitting the exact -3dBFS target:
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" src="/images/peak-normalization-zoomed-in.png" alt="Normalized region, zoomed in">
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<figcaption>
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Normalized region, zoomed in
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>
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It's also possible to apply additional constraints by analyzing perceieved
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loudness of the material. The first option is to constraint root mean square
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(RMS) to a certain amplitude value. The second option is to constrain loudness
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units (LUFS) to a certain value.
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</p>
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<p>
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The normalization tool will use the peak amplitude value, but will also
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correct the calculated gain adjustment when the constraint demands that.
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In the example below the same region as in example above was normalized to the
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same peak amplitude of -3dB but with an additional constraint of -21LUFS.
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The normalization tool took the peak amplitude into account and made sure it
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wouldn't exceed the target value of -3dBFS, then adjusted the region gain
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further from -2.5dB to -3.3dB to meet the LUFS constraint demands. This
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resulted in the peak amplitude hitting -4.2dBFS rather than the target -3dBFS.
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</p>
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<figure>
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<img style="width:50%;" src="/images/peak-normalization-with-lufs-zoomed-in.png" alt="Normalization with LUFS constraint, zoomed in">
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<figcaption>
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Normalization with LUFS constraint, zoomed in
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<h2>Resetting Gain</h2>
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<p>
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To reset gain correction for a region entirely you can either set it to
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<tt>0</tt> in the region properties dialog or use the
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<em>Region > Gain > Reset Gain</em> menu command.
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</p>
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@ -1262,11 +1262,25 @@ uri: editing-and-arranging/create-region-fades-and-crossfades
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part: chapter
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part: chapter
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---
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---
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---
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title: Adjusting Gain
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link: adjusting-gain
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uri: adjusting-gain
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part: chapter
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---
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---
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title: Region Gain
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include: region-gain-adjustment.html
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link: region-gain-adjustment
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part: subchapter
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---
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---
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---
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title: Gain Envelopes
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title: Gain Envelopes
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include: gain-envelopes.html
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include: gain-envelopes.html
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link: gain-envelopes
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link: gain-envelopes
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part: chapter
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part: subchapter
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---
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---
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---
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---
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