Resuming work on removing 'you's. Adding a screenshot to the fade shapes.
This commit is contained in:
parent
35203bc9d4
commit
2275c59de3
|
@ -1,39 +1,39 @@
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
Every Region has a fade-in and fade-out. By default, the region fade
|
Every Region has a fade-in and fade-out. By default, the region fade
|
||||||
is very short, and serves to de-click the transitions at the start and
|
is very short, and serves to de-click the transitions at the start and
|
||||||
end of the region. By adjusting the regions fade length, a more
|
end of the region. By adjusting the regions fade length, a more
|
||||||
gradual transition can be accomplished.
|
gradual transition can be accomplished.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Region Fades</h2>
|
<h2>Region Fades</h2>
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
<dfn>Region fades</dfn> are possible at the beginning and end of
|
<dfn>Region fades</dfn> are possible at the beginning and end of
|
||||||
all audio regions. In object mode, a grip appears at the top left and
|
all audio regions. In object mode, a grip appears at the top left and
|
||||||
top right of an audio region when the cursor hovers over it. Placing
|
top right of an audio region when the cursor hovers over it. Placing
|
||||||
the cursor over the top of the grip displays the region fade cursor
|
the cursor over the top of the grip displays the region fade cursor
|
||||||
tip. Click and drag the grip left or right in the timeline to
|
tip. Clicking and dragging the grip left or right in the timeline adjusts the
|
||||||
adjust the length of the fade.
|
length of the fade.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Crossfades</h2>
|
<h2>Crossfades</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
<dfn>Crossfades</dfn> refer to the behavior when you want to make
|
<dfn>Crossfades</dfn> refer to the behavior of two audio regions transitionning
|
||||||
a smooth transition (mix) from one audio region to another on the same
|
smoothly (mixing) from one to another on the same
|
||||||
track. Historically, this was done by splicing 2 pieces of analog
|
track. Historically, this was done by splicing two pieces of analog
|
||||||
tape together, and this concept was carried forward into digital
|
tape together, and this concept was carried forward into digital
|
||||||
editing. Each track is a sequence of sound files (regions). If
|
editing. Each track is a sequence of sound files (regions). If
|
||||||
two regions are butted against each other, there needs to be a method
|
two regions are butted against each other, there needs to be a method
|
||||||
to splice them smoothly together. The crossfade allows one region
|
to splice them smoothly together. The crossfade allows one region
|
||||||
to fade smoothly out, while the next region fades smoothly in, like 2
|
to fade smoothly out, while the next region fades smoothly in, like two
|
||||||
pieces of tape that have been cut at and angle, and overlapped.
|
pieces of tape that have been cut at and angle, and overlapped.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
But Ardour uses a more refined "layered" editing model, and
|
But Ardour uses a more refined "layered" editing model, and
|
||||||
therefore it is possible for multiple regions to be stacked on a single
|
therefore it is possible for multiple regions to be stacked on a single
|
||||||
location with arbitrary overlaps between different layers. For
|
location with arbitrary overlaps between different layers. For
|
||||||
this reason, crossfades must be implemented differently. We can't
|
this reason, crossfades must be implemented differently. It can't be
|
||||||
assume that a crossfade is an entitry that exists between 2 regions;
|
assumed that a crossfade is an entitry that exists between two regions;
|
||||||
instead each region must have its own associated crossfades at each
|
instead each region must have its own associated crossfades at each
|
||||||
end, and the topmost region must always crossfade down to the
|
end, and the topmost region must always crossfade down to the
|
||||||
underlying region(s), if any.
|
underlying region(s), if any.
|
||||||
|
@ -46,29 +46,34 @@
|
||||||
the region(s) beneath it.
|
the region(s) beneath it.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
It is important to understand that region fades <em>are</em> crossfades. When one region has
|
It is important to understand that region fades <em>are</em> crossfades.
|
||||||
another region or multiple regions beneath its fade area, then you will
|
When one region has another region or multiple regions beneath its fade area,
|
||||||
hear the topmost region fade-out be mirrored as a fade-in on the
|
then what will be heard is the topmost region fade-out mirrored as a fade-in
|
||||||
underlying region(s). The grip for the topmost region will allow
|
on the underlying region(s). The grip for the topmost region will allow
|
||||||
changing the length and type of the crossfade into the underlying
|
changing the length and type of the crossfade into the underlying
|
||||||
region(s). In this way you can create a complicated series of
|
region(s). In this way complicated series of crossfades can be created, and
|
||||||
crossfades, and then layer another region atop the others, and fade
|
then another region layered atop the others, and faded into a complicated
|
||||||
into a complicated series.
|
series.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
If a region doesn't have any region(s) under it, then the region is
|
If a region doesn't have any region(s) under it, then the region is
|
||||||
crossfaded to silence; for convenience we call this a "fade"
|
crossfaded to silence; for convenience this is called a "fade"
|
||||||
rather than a crossfade.
|
rather than a crossfade.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Fade Shapes</h2>
|
<h2>Fade Shapes</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<figure class=right>
|
||||||
|
<img src="/images/crossfade_menu.png">
|
||||||
|
<figcaption class=center>The fade shape context menu.</figcaption>
|
||||||
|
</figure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
To activate/deactivate or change the shape of a region's fadein or
|
To activate/deactivate or change the shape of a region's fadein or
|
||||||
fade-out, hover the cursor over the regionfade grip till the cursor tip
|
fade-out, the cursor has to be hovered over the regionfade grip until the
|
||||||
indicates region fade editing and context-click to bring up a context
|
cursor tip indicates region fade editing, then <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd>
|
||||||
menu. In the context menu there is a list of options for the
|
clicked to bring up a context menu. In the context menu is a list of options
|
||||||
regionfade. <kbd class="menu">Activate/Deactivate</kbd> enables and
|
for the regionfade. <kbd class="menu">Activate/Deactivate</kbd> enables and
|
||||||
disables the regionfade.
|
disables the regionfade.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
@ -80,44 +85,42 @@
|
||||||
The different types of fades are:
|
The different types of fades are:
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
<table class="dl">
|
<table class="dl">
|
||||||
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Linear</kbd></th><td>A simple linear coefficient decrease, and its
|
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Linear</kbd></th><td>A simple linear coefficient
|
||||||
mathematical inverse. A Linear fade starts attentuating quickly
|
decrease, and its mathematical inverse. A Linear fade starts attentuating
|
||||||
and then cuts off even more abruptly at lower levels. When used
|
quickly and then cuts off even more abruptly at lower levels. When used as a
|
||||||
as a crossfade, the signals are each -6dB attenuated at the midpoint.
|
crossfade, the signals are each -6dB attenuated at the midpoint. This is the
|
||||||
This is the correct crossfade to use with highly-correlated signals for
|
correct crossfade to use with highly-correlated signals for a smooth
|
||||||
a smooth transition.</td></tr>
|
transition.</td></tr>
|
||||||
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Constant Power</kbd></th><td>The constant power curve starts fading
|
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Constant power</kbd></th><td>The constant power
|
||||||
slowly and then cuts off abruptly. When used as a crossfade
|
curve starts fading slowly and then cuts off abruptly. When used as a
|
||||||
between 2 audio regions, the signals are symetrically attenuated, and
|
crossfade between 2 audio regions, the signals are symetrically attenuated,
|
||||||
they each reach -3dB at the midpoint. This is the correct crossfade to
|
and they each reach -3dB at the midpoint. This is the correct crossfade to
|
||||||
use when you want to splice audio in the general ( uncorrelated ) case.</td></tr>
|
use when splicing audio in the general ( uncorrelated ) case.</td></tr>
|
||||||
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Symmetric</kbd></th><td>The Symmetric fade starts slowly, then
|
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Symmetric</kbd></th><td>The Symmetric fade starts
|
||||||
attenuates significantly before transitioning to a slower fade-out near
|
slowly, then attenuates significantly before transitioning to a slower
|
||||||
the end of the fade. When used as a crossfade, the Symmetric
|
fade-out near the end of the fade. When used as a crossfade, the Symmetric
|
||||||
curve is not mathematically correct like the Equal Power or Linear
|
curve is not mathematically correct like the Equal Power or Linear curves,
|
||||||
curves, but it provides a slower fade-out at low volumes. This is
|
but it provides a slower fade-out at low volumes. This is sometimes useful
|
||||||
sometimes useful when editing 2 entire music works together so that the
|
when editing 2 entire music works together so that the transition is more
|
||||||
transition is more gradual.</td></tr>
|
gradual.</td></tr>
|
||||||
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Fast</kbd></th><td>The Fast curve is a linear decibel fade; It sounds
|
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Slow</kbd></th><td>The Slow curve is a modified
|
||||||
like a perfectly smooth fader or knob moved to silence. This shape is
|
linear decibel fade. The initial curve starts more gradually so that it has
|
||||||
excellent as a general-purpose fade-in. When used as a
|
a less abrupt transition near unity. After that, it sounds like a perfectly
|
||||||
crossfade, the inverse fade curve maintains constant power but is
|
smooth fader or knob moved to silence. This shape is excellent as a
|
||||||
therefore non-symmetric; so its use is limited to those cases where the
|
general-purpose fade-out. When used as a crossfade, the inverse fade curve
|
||||||
user finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
|
maintains constant power but is therefore non-symmetric; so its use is
|
||||||
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Slow</kbd></th><td>The Slow curve is a modified linear decibel fade.
|
limited to those cases where the user finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
|
||||||
The initial curve starts more gradually so that it has a less
|
<tr><th><kbd class="menu">Fast</kbd></th><td>The Fast curve is a linear
|
||||||
abrupt transition near unity. After that, it sounds like a
|
decibel fade; It sounds like a perfectly smooth fader or knob moved to
|
||||||
perfectly smooth fader or knob moved to silence. This shape is excellent as
|
silence. This shape is excellent as a general-purpose fade-in. When used as
|
||||||
a general-purpose fade-out. When used as a crossfade, the
|
a crossfade, the inverse fade curve maintains constant power but is
|
||||||
inverse fade curve maintains constant power but is therefore
|
therefore non-symmetric; so its use is limited to those cases where the
|
||||||
non-symmetric; so its use is limited to those cases where the user
|
user finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
|
||||||
finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
Although these fade shapes serve specific purposes, you might find that
|
Although these fade shapes serve specific purposes, any of the shapes is
|
||||||
any of the shapes is usable in your situation. The final decision
|
usable in any situation, so the final decision is mostly an artistic choice.
|
||||||
is mostly an artistic choice.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
@ -131,4 +134,3 @@ finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
|
||||||
amount of effort to shorten the fade is much easier than messing with a
|
amount of effort to shorten the fade is much easier than messing with a
|
||||||
crossfade editor dialog.
|
crossfade editor dialog.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<figure class=right>
|
<figure class=right>
|
||||||
<img src="/images/gain-envelope1.png" alt="Default gain envelope">
|
<img src="/images/gain-envelope1.png" alt="Default gain envelope">
|
||||||
<figcaption class=center>A typical gain envelope (green line).</figcaption>
|
<figcaption>A gain envelope (in green).</figcaption>
|
||||||
</figure>
|
</figure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
@ -26,21 +26,20 @@
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
The default gain curve, by itself, is not very useful; in order to have more
|
The default gain curve, by itself, is not very useful; in order to have more
|
||||||
control over the shape of the gain envelope it is necessary to add extra
|
control over the shape of the gain envelope it is necessary to add extra
|
||||||
control points. To add a control point to the envelope, click anywhere in the
|
control points. Clicking anywhere in the region where there are no existing
|
||||||
region where there are no existing control points; it will appear <em>on the
|
control points adds a control point to the envelope; it will appear <em>on the
|
||||||
line</em> at the X-axis of the mouse's current position in the region.
|
line</em> at the X-axis of the mouse's current position in the region.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<figure class=center>
|
<figure class="center">
|
||||||
<img src="/images/gain-envelope2.png" alt="Complex gain envelope">
|
<img src="/images/gain-envelope2.png" alt="Complex gain envelope">
|
||||||
<figcaption class=center>A more complex gain envelope.</figcaption>
|
<figcaption>A more complex gain envelope.</figcaption>
|
||||||
</figure>
|
</figure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
Once added, a control point can be <kbd class=mouse>Left</kbd> clicked and
|
Once added, a control point can be <kbd class="mouse">Left</kbd> clicked and
|
||||||
dragged to the desired location. Hovering over a control point will show its
|
dragged to the desired location. Hovering over a control point will show its
|
||||||
current level in dB. To remove a control point, <kbd class=mouse>Left</kbd>
|
current level in dB. <kbd class="mouse">Left</kbd> clicking a control point
|
||||||
click it and press <kbd>Delete</kbd>, or <kbd class=mod3n></kbd><kbd
|
and pressing <kbd>Delete</kbd>, or <kbd class="mod3 mouse">Right</kbd>
|
||||||
class=mouse>Right</kbd>-click on it.
|
clicking a point deletes it.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<table class="dl">
|
<table class="dl">
|
||||||
<tr><th>Systems using JACK 1, versions 0.124 or later</th>
|
<tr><th>Systems using JACK 1, versions 0.124 or later</th>
|
||||||
<td>On these systems, simply start JACK with the <code>-X alsa_midi</code>
|
<td>On these systems, JACK must be started with the <code>-X alsa_midi</code>
|
||||||
server argument. To support legacy control applications, the <code>-X
|
server argument. To support legacy control applications, the <code>-X
|
||||||
seq</code> argument to the ALSA backend of JACK can also be used to get the
|
seq</code> argument to the ALSA backend of JACK can also be used to get the
|
||||||
exact same results.</td></tr>
|
exact same results.</td></tr>
|
||||||
<tr><th>All others</th>
|
<tr><th>All others</th>
|
||||||
<td>Use a2jmidid to act as a bridge between ALSA MIDI and JACK. Do not use
|
<td>Using a2jmidid acts as a bridge between ALSA MIDI and JACK. The <code>-X seq</code>
|
||||||
the <code>-X seq</code> or <code>-X raw</code> arguments—the timing and
|
or <code>-X raw</code> arguments should <em>not</em> be used—the timing and
|
||||||
performance of these options is unacceptable.</td></tr>
|
performance of these options is unacceptable.</td></tr>
|
||||||
</table>
|
</table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -26,28 +26,28 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
First it must be ensured that there is no ALSA sequencer support enabled in
|
First it must be ensured that there is no ALSA sequencer support enabled in
|
||||||
JACK. To check that, open QJackCtl's <kbd class="menu">Setup</kbd> window.
|
JACK. To check that, one must open QJackCtl's <kbd class="menu">Setup</kbd> window
|
||||||
Set <kbd class="menu">Settings > MIDI Driver</kbd> to <kbd
|
and set <kbd class="menu">Settings > MIDI Driver</kbd> to <kbd
|
||||||
class="input">none</kbd>. Then uncheck the <kbd class="optoff">Misc >
|
class="input">none</kbd>, then uncheck the <kbd class="optoff">Misc >
|
||||||
Enable ALSA Sequencer support</kbd> option. Now restart the jack server
|
Enable ALSA Sequencer support</kbd> option. The jack server must then be restarted
|
||||||
before going on.
|
before going on.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3>Check for a2jmidid availability</h3>
|
<h3>Checking for a2jmidid availability</h3>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
Next, check whether a2jmidid is already installed. After starting the JACK
|
Next, it must be checked whether a2jmidid is already installed. This is done
|
||||||
server, go to the command line and type:
|
by starting the JACK server, then going to the command line and typing:
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<kbd class="cmd lin">a2jmidid -e</kbd>
|
<kbd class="cmd lin">a2jmidid -e</kbd>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
If a2jmidid does not exist, install it with the software manager of the
|
If a2jmidid does not exist, it must be installed with the software manager of the
|
||||||
Linux distribution in use and try again.
|
Linux distribution in use until this command responds.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Check available MIDI ports</h2>
|
<h2>Checking available MIDI ports</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
If JACK is correctly configured for MIDI, then the MIDI ports should appear
|
If JACK is correctly configured for MIDI, then the MIDI ports should appear
|
||||||
|
@ -62,12 +62,11 @@
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
<ul>
|
||||||
<li>If a newer version of JACK 1 is in use, just make sure the <code>-X
|
<li>If a newer version of JACK 1 is in use, by just making sure the <code>-X
|
||||||
alsa_midi</code> or <code>-X seq</code> options are enabled for whatever
|
alsa_midi</code> or <code>-X seq</code> options are enabled for whatever
|
||||||
technique is being used to start JACK.</li>
|
technique is being used to start JACK.</li>
|
||||||
<li>For other versions of JACK, add <code>a2jmidid -e &</code> as an
|
<li>For other versions of JACK, by adding <code>a2jmidid -e &</code> as an
|
||||||
"after start-up" script in the <kbd class="menu">Setup > Options</kbd> tab
|
"after start-up" script in the <kbd class="menu">Setup > Options</kbd> tab
|
||||||
of QJackCtl, so that it is started automatically whenever JACK is
|
of QJackCtl, so that it is started automatically whenever JACK is
|
||||||
started.</li>
|
started.</li>
|
||||||
</ul>
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
Binary file not shown.
After Width: | Height: | Size: 3.3 KiB |
Loading…
Reference in New Issue