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minor fixes to chapter 16-18.

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_manual/16_automation.html
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title: Automation
---
<h2>Automation</h2>
<p>This chapter covers the following:</p>
{% children %}

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_manual/17_mixing/01_muting-and-soloing.html
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title: Muting and Soloing
---
<p>
Each track and bus has two buttons which have important implications
for signal flow: <dfn>mute</dfn> and <dfn>solo</dfn>. The behaviour
of these buttons is configurable in Ardour, to suit different studio
set-ups.
</p>
<p>Each track and bus has two buttons which have important implications for signal flow: mute and solo. The behaviour of these buttons is configurable in Ardour, so that they can behave in one of a few different ways to suit different studio set-ups. </p>
<h2>Without a monitor bus</h2>
<p>If you are using Ardour without a monitor bus, there is only one way in which mute and solo will work. Without a monitor bus:</p>
<p>
If you are using Ardour without a monitor bus, there is only one way
in which mute and solo will work:</p>
<ul>
<li> Mute on a track or bus will mute that track on the master bus, so that it will not be heard.
<li>
Mute on a track or bus will mute that track on the master bus,
so that it will not be heard.
</li>
<li> Solo on a track or bus will solo that track or bus and mute all others except that soloing a bus will also solo any tracks or busses that feed that bus.
<li>
Solo on a track or bus will solo that track or bus and mute all
others. Soloing a bus will also solo any tracks or
busses which feed that bus.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>With a monitor bus</h2>
<p>For setups with a monitor bus, you have more options, mostly governed by the setting of the ‘Solo controls are Listen controls’ option in the Solo / mute tab of ‘Ardour Preferences’.</p>
<p>With ‘Solo controls are Listen controls’ unticked, behaviour is almost exactly the same as the situation without a monitor bus. Mute and solo behave the same, and the monitor bus is fed from the master bus, so it sees the same thing.</p>
<p>With ‘Solo controls are Listen controls’ ticked, things change; the master and monitor busses behave differently. In this mode, solo controls are more properly called ‘listen’ controls, and Ardour's solo buttons will change their legend from ‘S’ to either ‘A’ or ‘P’ (we'll come to that shortly) to reflect this.</p>
<p>Now, without any mute or listen, the monitor bus remains fed by the master bus. Also:</p>
<ul>
<li> Mute will mute the track or bus, so that it will not be heard anywhere (neither on the master nor monitor busses), much as before.
</li>
<li> Listen will disconnect the monitor bus from the master bus, so that the monitor bus now only receives things that are ‘listened’. Listen will not perform any muting, and hence the master bus will not be affected by a listened track or bus.
</li>
</ul>
<p>There are further options with when solo controls are listen controls: the part of the track or bus from which the listen signal is obtained can be configured. Underneath the ‘Solo controls are Listen controls’ option in ‘Ardour Preferences’ is an option for ‘listen position’, which can be either After-Fade Listen (AFL) or Pre-Fade Listen (PFL). AFL, as its name suggests, obtains its signal from some point after the track or bus’ fader, and PFL from before it. The precise point to get the signal from can further be configured using the ‘PFL signals come from’ and ‘AFL signals come from’ options.</p>
<p>The solo-mute arrangement with a monitor bus is shown below:</p>
<p><img src="/ardour/manual/html/diagrams/solo-mute.png" alt="mute/solo signal flow" /></p>
<p> Here we have a number of tracks or busses (in orange). Each one has an output which feeds the master bus. In addition, each has PFL and AFL outputs; we have a choice of which to use. PFL/AFL from each track or bus are mixed. Then, whenever anything is set to AFL/PFL, the monitor out becomes just those AFL/PFL feeds; the rest of the time, the monitor out is fed from the master bus.</p>
<p>In this scheme Solo has no effect other than to mute other non-soloed tracks; with solo (rather then listen), the monitor out is fed from the master bus.</p>
<h2>Other solo options</h2>
<p>There are a few other configuration options related to the behaviour of solo. They can be found in the Solo / Mute tab of Ardour Preferences dialogue.</p>
<h3>Solo-in-place mute cut</h3>
<p>When using ‘solo-in-place’ (SiP), in other words when soloed tracks are being listened to on the master bus, this fader specifies the gain that will be applied to other tracks in order to mute them. Setting this level to -∞dB will mean that other tracks will not be heard at all; setting to some higher value less than 0dB means that other non-soloed tracks will be heard, just reduced in volume compared to the soloed tracks. Using a value larger than -∞dB is sometimes called "Solo-In-Front" by other DAWs, because the listener has the sense that soloed material is "in front" of other material. In Ardour, this is not a distinct mode, but instead the mute cut control offers any level of "in-front-ness" that you might want to use.</p>
<h3>Exclusive solo</h3>
<p>If this is enabled, only one track or bus will ever be soloed at once; soloing track B while track A is currently soloed will un-solo track A before soloing track B.</p>
<h3>Show solo muting</h3>
<p>If this is enabled, the mute button of tracks and busses will be drawn outlined to indicate that the track or bus is muted because something else is soloed. This is enabled by default, and we recommend that you leave it that way unless you are extremely comfortable with Ardour's mute/solo behaviour</p>
<h3>Soloing overrides muting</h3>
<p>If this is enabled, a track or bus that is both soloed and muted will behave as if it is soloed.</p>
<h3>Mute affects…</h3>
<p>These options dictate whether muting the track will affect various routes out of the track; through the sends, through the control outputs (to the monitor bus) and to the main outputs.</p>
<h2>With a monitor bus</h2>
<p>
For setups with a monitor bus, you have more options, mostly
governed by the setting of the
<kbd class="option">Solo controls are Listen controls</kbd> option
in <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Solo / mute.
</p>
<p>
With <kbd class="optoff">Solo controls are Listen controls</kbd>
unticked, behaviour is almost exactly the same as the situation
without a monitor bus. Mute and solo behave the same, and the monitor
bus is fed from the master bus, so it sees the same thing.
</p>
<p>
With <kbc class="option">Solo controls are Listen controls</kbd>
ticked, the master and monitor busses behave differently. In this
mode, solo controls are more properly called <dfn>listen</dfn>
controls, and Ardour's solo buttons will change their legend from
<samp>S</samp> to either <samp>A</samp> or <samp>P</samp> to
reflect this.
</p>
<p>
Now, without any mute or listen, the monitor bus remains fed by
the master bus. Also:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Mute will mute the track or bus, so that it will not be heard
anywhere (neither on the master nor monitor busses), much as before.
</li>
<li>
Listen will disconnect the monitor bus from the master bus, so
that the monitor bus now only receives things that are "listened to".
Listen will not perform any muting, and hence the master bus will
not be affected by a listened track or bus.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
When solo controls are listen controls, the listening point can be set
to either After-Fade Listen (AFL) or Pre-Fade Listen (PFL). The precise
point to get the signal from can further be configured using the
<kbd class="menu">PFL signals come from</kbd> and
<kbd class="menu">AFL signals come from</kbd> options.
</p>
<p>
The solo-mute arrangement with a monitor bus is shown below:
</p>
<img src="/ardour/manual/html/diagrams/solo-mute.png" alt="mute/solo signal flow" />
<p>
Here we have a number of tracks or busses (in orange). Each one has an
output which feeds the master bus. In addition, each has PFL and AFL
outputs; we have a choice of which to use. PFL/AFL from each track or
bus are mixed. Then, whenever anything is set to AFL/PFL, the monitor out
becomes just those AFL/PFL feeds; the rest of the time, the monitor out is
fed from the master bus.
</p>
<p>
In this scheme Solo has no effect other than to mute other non-soloed tracks;
with solo (rather then listen), the monitor out is fed from the master bus.
</p>
<h2>Other solo options</h2>
<p>
<kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Solo / Mute</kbd> has some
more solo options:
</p>
<h3>Solo-in-place mute cut</h3>
<p>
When using solo-in-place (SiP), in other words when soloed tracks are being
listened to on the master bus, this fader specifies the gain that will be
applied to other tracks in order to mute them. Setting this level to
-∞&nbdp;dB will mean that other tracks will not be heard at all; setting to
some higher value less than 0dB means that other non-soloed tracks will be h
eard, just reduced in volume compared to the soloed tracks. Using a value
larger than -∞dB is sometimes called "Solo-In-Front" by other DAWs, because
the listener has the sense that soloed material is "in front" of other
material. In Ardour, this is not a distinct mode, but instead the mute cut
control offers any level of "in-front-ness" that you might want to use.
</p>
<h3>Exclusive solo</h3>
<p>
If this is enabled, only one track or bus will ever be soloed at once; soloing
track B while track A is currently soloed will un-solo track A before soloing
track B.
</p>
<h3>Show solo muting</h3>
<p>
If this is enabled, the mute button of tracks and busses will be drawn
outlined to indicate that the track or bus is muted because something else
is soloed. This is enabled by default, and we recommend that you leave it
that way unless you are extremely comfortable with Ardour's mute/solo
behaviour.
</p>
<h3>Soloing overrides muting</h3>
<p>
If this is enabled, a track or bus that is both soloed and muted will behave
as if it is soloed.
</p>
<h3>Mute affects…</h3>
<p>
These options dictate whether muting the track will affect various routes out
of the track; through the sends, through the control outputs (to the monitor
bus) and to the main outputs.
</p>

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_manual/17_mixing/02_panning.html
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---
<p>
<strong>Panning</strong> is the process of distributing 1 or more signals
<dfn>Panning</<dfn> is the process of distributing one or more signals
across a series of outputs so that the listener will have the
experience of them coming from a particular point or area of the
overall listening field.
@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ title: Panning
</p>
<h2>Types of Panners</h2>
<p>
The way a panner works depends a great deal on how many signals it
is going to process and how many outputs it will send them to. The

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_manual/18_exporting.html
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title: Exporting
---
<p>This chapter covers the following:</p>
{% children %}