manual/include/monitor-signal-flow.html

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<p>There are three basic ways to approach monitoring: </p>
<h3>External Monitoring</h3>
<figure class="right">
<img
src="/images/external-monitoring.png"
alt="External monitoring"
class="invert-in-dark">
<figcaption class="center">
External monitoring
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>When using <dfn>external monitoring</dfn>, Ardour plays no role in
monitoring at all. Perhaps the recording set-up has an external mixer which
can be used to set up monitor mixes, or perhaps the sound-card being used
has a "listen to the input" feature. This approach yields zero or near-zero
latency. On the other hand it requires external hardware, and the monitoring
settings are less flexible and not saved with the session.</p>
<h3 class="clear">Audio driver Hardware Monitoring</h3>
<figure class="right">
<img
src="/images/jack-monitoring.png"
alt="Hardware Monitoring"
class="invert-in-dark">
<figcaption class="center">
Hardware Monitoring
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Some sound cards have the ability
to mix signals from their inputs to their outputs with very low or even zero
latency, a feature called <dfn>hardware monitoring</dfn>.
Furthermore, on some cards this function can be controlled by Ardour. This is a nice arrangement,
if the sound card supports it, as it combines the convenience of having the
monitoring controlled by Ardour with the low latency operation of doing it
externally.
</p>
<h3 class="clear">Software Monitoring</h3>
<figure class="right">
<img
src="/images/ardour-monitoring.png"
alt="Software Monitoring"
class="invert-in-dark">
<figcaption class="center">
Software Monitoring
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>With the <dfn>software monitoring</dfn> approach, all monitoring is
performed by Ardour&mdash;it makes track inputs available at track
outputs, governed by various controls. This approach will almost always have
more routing flexibility than JACK-based monitoring. The disadvantage is
that there will be some latency between the input and the output, which
depends for the most part on the buffer size that is being used.
</p>