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<script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en"</script><script type=text/javascript src=/ardour-tutorial/js/search.js?1649712584></script></div><section id=homelinks><ul><li><a class=padding href=/ardour-tutorial/en/><i class="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a></li></ul></section><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/><b>1. </b>Introduction</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/ title=Conventions class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/>Conventions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/ title="What is digital audio?" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/>What is digital audio?</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/><b>2. </b>Getting started</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/ title="Starting Ardour" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/>Starting Ardour</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/ title="Overview of the Interface" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/>Overview of the Interface</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/ title="Editor window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/>Editor window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/ title="Mixer window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/>Mixer window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/ title="Recorder window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/>Recorder window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/ title="Cue window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/>Cue window</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/ title="Creating tracks and busses" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/>Creating tracks and busses</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/ title="Importing audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/>Importing audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/ title="Setting up the timeline" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/>Setting up the timeline</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/ title=Recording class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/><b>3. </b>Recording</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/ title="Recording audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/>Recording audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/ title="Understanding routing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/>Understanding routing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/ title="Routing between applications" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/>Routing between applications</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/ title="Editing sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/><b>4. </b>Editing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/non-destructive-editing/ title="Non-destructive editing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/non-destructive-editing/>Non-destructive editing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/ title="Arranging tracks" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/>Arranging tracks</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-time-signature/ title="Setting up time signature" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-time-signature/>Setting up time signature</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/ title="Using ranges" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/>Using ranges</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/ title="Working with regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/>Working with regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/ title="Further region operations" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/>Further region operations</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/ title="Changing edit modes" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/>Changing edit modes</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/ title="Creating looped sections" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/>Creating looped sections</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/ title="Stretching & shrinking regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/>Stretching & shrinking regions</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/ title="Mixing sessions" class="dd-item
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parent"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/><b>5. </b>Mixing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/ title="The mixer strip" class="dd-item active"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/>The mixer strip</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/ title="Mixing levels" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/>Mixing levels</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/ title=Panning class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/>Panning</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/ title="Using plugins" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/>Using plugins</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/ title="Using sends" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/>Using sends</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/ title=Dynamics class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/>Dynamics</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/ title=Equalizing class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/>Equalizing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/ title="Using automation" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/>Using automation</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/ title="Exporting sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/><b>6. </b>Exporting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/ title="Exporting regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/>Exporting regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/ title="Exporting a range" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/>Exporting a range</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/ title="Exporting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/>Exporting a session</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/ title="Saving sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/><b>7. </b>Saving sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/ title="Saving a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/>Saving a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/ title="Saving a snapshot" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/>Saving a snapshot</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/ title="Saving a template" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/>Saving a template</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/ title=Appendices class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/><b>8. </b>Appendices</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/ title="Further help" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/>Further help</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/ title=Glossary class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/>Glossary</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/ title=Links class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/>Links</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/ title=Credits class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/>Credits</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/ title=License class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/>License</a></li></ul></li></ul><section id=shortcuts><h3>More</h3><ul><li><a class=padding href=https://github.com/prokoudine/ardour-tutorial><i class="fab fa-fw fa-github"></i> This tutorial on GitHub</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-home"></i> Ardour's homepage</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://manual.ardour.org><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bookmark"></i> User manual</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://discourse.ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-users"></i> Forum</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bullhorn"></i> Credits</a></li></ul></section><section id=prefooter><hr><ul><li><a class=padding><i class="fas fa-language fa-fw"></i><div class=select-style><select id=select-language onchange="location=this.value"><option id=en 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<span class=links><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/>Home</a> > <a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/>Mixing sessions</a> > The mixer strip</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#mixing-tools>Mixing Tools</a></li><li><a href=#introducing-the-mixer-strip>Introducing the Mixer Strip</a></li><li><a href=#the-mixer-strip-from-top-to-bottom>The Mixer Strip from Top to Bottom</a><ul><li><a href=#overview>Overview</a></li><li><a href=#regular--narrow-modes>Regular & Narrow Modes</a></li><li><a href=#track-name-and-routing-button>Track Name and Routing Button</a></li><li><a href=#processor-box>Processor Box</a></li><li><a href=#panning>Panning</a></li><li><a href=#soloing-and-muting>Soloing and Muting</a></li><li><a href=#arm-record>Arm Record</a></li><li><a href=#fader-fadepeak-meters>Fader, Fade/Peak Meters</a></li><li><a href=#routing>Routing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#continuing>Continuing</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>The mixer strip</h1><p><em>Mixing</em> is the process of converting multiple tracks into a stereo or a
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multi-channel mix where all the instruments can be heard clearly.</p><h2 id=mixing-tools>Mixing Tools</h2><p><em>Levels</em>, <em>panning</em>, <em>equalization (EQ</em>), and <em>compression</em> are the main tools
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used to achieve a good mix. In addition to these core tools, a wide range of
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plugin effects can also be used to enhance the sound, such as <em>reverb</em> and
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<em>delay</em>. </p><h2 id=introducing-the-mixer-strip>Introducing the Mixer Strip</h2><p>The <em>mixer strip</em> is the vertical column that contains various controls related
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to signal flow. Each track and bus in Ardour has its own mixer strip. The mixer
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strip is also the main tool we will use in the process of mixing our Tracks. In
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this chapter, we will get a general overview of the mixer strip, with each
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section described. We will also provide references to chapters containing
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information specific to each aspect of the mixer strip.</p><h2 id=the-mixer-strip-from-top-to-bottom>The Mixer Strip from Top to Bottom</h2><p>Mixer strips can be accessed from both the <em>Editor</em> window and the <em>Mixer</em>
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window (shortcut <strong>Alt+M</strong> to toggle between the two). Mixer strips in either
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window (<em>Editor</em> or <em>Mixer</em>) mirror each other: any actions performed on a mixer
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strip in the <em>Mixer</em> window will be reflected in the corresponding mixer strip
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in the <em>Editor</em> window, and vice-versa. The editor window and <em>Mixer</em> window are
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more fully explained in the <em>An Overview of the Interface</em> chapter. </p><p>In the <em>Editor Window</em>, you can see the mixer strip of the currently selected
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track on the left side of the window. If you don’t see it, hit <strong>Shift+E</strong> to
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display the Editor’s mixer strip.</p><h3 id=overview>Overview</h3><p>Here we see the entire mixer strip, as it would appear in either the <em>Editor</em>
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window or the <em>Mixer</em> window.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Mixer_Strip_1.png alt=strip1></p><h3 id=regular--narrow-modes>Regular & Narrow Modes</h3><p>The mixer strip can be switched between the regular width and a more narrow
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width to conserve space. The very top part of the mixer strip, pictured below,
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switches between regular and narrow modes using the left button. The button with
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an eye icon hides the mixer strip entirely (you can re-enable it later).</p><p><img src=en/ardour7-narrow-wide-strip.png alt="strip top"></p><p>You can easily spot differences between narrow and regular modes: shorter
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captions on buttons, no legend for the peak meter etc.</p><h3 id=track-name-and-routing-button>Track Name and Routing Button</h3><p>Continuing from top to bottom, the next section of the mixer strip contains
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three narrow regions. The first of these regions shows the name of the track
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(that’s the word “Audio 1” in the image below). The next region, named “1” in
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the image below, is a button which allows access to the input routing. Please
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see the <em>Understanding Routing</em> and <em>Recording Audio</em> chapters for more
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information on input routing. The last narrow region controls phase reversing
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(we won’t go into details on this topic in this tutorial).</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Mixer_Strip_2.png alt="strip 2"></p><h3 id=processor-box>Processor Box</h3><p>The large black region at the bottom of this section is the <em>processor box</em>.
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This is where you can add plugins, for example. The signal flow in the mixer
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strip is top-to-bottom. It starts with the input on top, the topmost plugin in
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the box is the first one in the effects chain, the one in the bottom is the one
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applied last.</p><p>The processor box will always contain a blue fader processor. This indicates
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where in the processor chain the main channel fader is located — this is the
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fader shown in the lower half of the strip. Please see <em>Using Plugins</em> and
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<em>Using Sends</em> for a detailed discussion of this area.</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-inline-views-and-controls.png alt="Inline view and controls"></figure><p>There are additional views and controls possible in the processor box, as seen
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on the screenshot above:</p><ol><li><p><em>Inline displays</em>. Some plugins can display a mini-overview of their
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settings, e.g. an equalizer can display a preview of how various frequency bands
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are affected. And some plugins are written with just this objective in mind — to
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provide a quick overview of something in the mixer strip. Ardour comes with two
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such plugins, an inline scope and an inline spectrogram.</p></li><li><p><em>Plugin controls</em>. It’s possible to add controls to various plugins in a
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mixer strip. That way, for the settings that you tweak most often, you don’t
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need to open a plugin’s window every time, you can just drag a slider left and
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right with your mouse or scroll the mouse wheel when hovering a control. Press
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<strong>Ctrl</strong> to make smaller increments when dragging or scrolling.</p></li></ol><p>To control both these features, use <em>Controls</em> submenu in the right-click menu
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of a plugin. As inline displays are enabled by default, all you can do is
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disable it (and then enable back). To enable a control for a plugin, simply click on its name in the menu.</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-plugin-controls-submenu.png alt="Controls submenu in Ardour 7"></figure><div class="notices tip"><p>To enable multiple controls for a plugin, the most convenient way is to open the
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||
right click menu, hover a control and press <strong>Spacebar</strong> on your keyboard, hover
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||
the next control, press <strong>Spacebar</strong> again etc.</p></div><p>The next portion of the mixer strip includes controls for panning, record, mute,
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||
and solo, among others.</p><h3 id=panning>Panning</h3><p>Panning commonly has to do with placement of sounds anywhere between left and
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||
right speakers to help separating instruments from one another by placing them
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||
in different parts of a virtual room.</p><p>Depending on the amount of channels in a track, Ardour will provide a dedicated
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||
user interface to control panning. In the screenshot below, a mono track is on
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the left and a stereo track is on the right:</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-mono-vs-stereo-panning.png alt="Mono vs. stereo panning"></figure><p>Please refer to the <em>Panning</em> chapter for more information.</p><h3 id=soloing-and-muting>Soloing and Muting</h3><p>Tracks and busses can have two additional related states: soloing and being
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muted.</p><p>Any track or bus on <em>mute</em> will be inaudible through the <em>Master</em> bus or the
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||
<em>Audition</em>. The track mixer also contains a miniaturized <strong>Mute</strong> button, in
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||
between the <strong>Record Arm</strong> button and the <strong>Solo</strong> button. Right-clicking on the
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||
<strong>Mute</strong> button gives you advanced options for the behavior of the mute button.</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-mute.png alt="Mute button in on and off states"></figure><p>When a track or a bus is <em>soloing</em>, all the other tracks and busses are
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||
inaudible through the <em>Master</em> bus or the <em>Audition</em>, unless you solo them. So
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||
if you need to play just two tracks out of eight, you don’t have to mute six
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||
other tracks, you only need to solo those two. Please note that soloing a bus
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||
will not silence any tracks and vice-versa.</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-solo.png alt="Solo button"></figure><p>When any track or bus is on solo, the <em>solo indicator</em> in the <em>Auxiliary
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||
Controls</em> menu will flash red. Clicking the solo indicator while it is flashing
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||
will deactivate every solo in the session.</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-soloing-flash-button.png alt=Soloing></figure><h3 id=arm-record>Arm Record</h3><p>The <em>Rec</em> button arms the track for recording, as seen in the <em>Recording Audio</em> chapter.</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-arm-rec.png alt="Arm for recording"></figure><h3 id=fader-fadepeak-meters>Fader, Fade/Peak Meters</h3><p>The most prominent control present in a mixer strip is the <em>fader</em>, used to
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||
adjust the overall gain for the corresponding track or bus. The <em>peak meter</em>
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||
shows the <em>peak value</em> of the selected track, and is located directly to the
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||
right of the fader. Each peak meter consists of one <em>bar graph</em> in the case of a
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||
mono track, and two bar graphs in case of a stereo track. The small rectangular
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||
field above the meters shows the highest peak value that has been played on that
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||
track so far.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Mixer_Strip_5.png alt="strip 7"></p><p>By clicking the right-hand button at the bottom of the mixer strip (it reads
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||
“post” in the image above), you will be able to select the <em>metering point</em>, for
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||
example the direct “in” from the sound card, the “pre” Fader signal, or the
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||
“post” fader signal.</p><p>As you can see in the image below, there is a smaller version of the mixer strip
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||
in each track, called the <em>track mixer</em>, which contains a horizontal fader, a
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||
vertical peak meter, as well as miniature buttons for arm record, mute, and
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||
solo. They all mirror those found in the mixer strip for that track.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Mixer_Strip_6.png alt="strip 6"> </p><p>Please refer to the chapter on <em>Mixing Levels</em> for more detailed instruction
|
||
about using the fader and peak meters.</p><h3 id=routing>Routing</h3><p>Finally, we reach the bottom of the mixer strip. Here we find the <strong>Output
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||
Routing</strong> button, marked as “Master” in the earlier screenshot, because it
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||
connects to a bus called “Master”. This was discussed earlier in the
|
||
<em>Understanding Routing</em> chapter.</p><h2 id=continuing>Continuing</h2><p>Now that we’ve had a look at the main areas of the mixer strip, we can proceed
|
||
to the <em>Mixing Levels</em> chapter to see how we can start to use it.</p><p>Next: <a href=../mixing-levels>MIXING LEVELS</a></p><footer class=footline></footer></div></div><div id=navigation></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/clipboard.min.js?1649712584></script>
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