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44 lines
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<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="height=device-height,width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.98.0"><meta name=generator content="Relearn 3.4.1+tip"><meta name=description content="How to pan signal in Ardour"><title>Panning :: Ardour tutorial</title><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/nucleus.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/featherlight.min.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/auto-complete.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/theme.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/theme-blue.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet id=variant-style><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/variant.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/print.css?1652723066 rel=stylesheet media=print><style>:not(pre)>code.copy-to-clipboard-code+span.copy-to-clipboard-button{display:none}:not(pre)>code.copy-to-clipboard-code{border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-right-width:1px}</style><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/variant.js?1652723066></script>
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<script>var index_url="/ardour-tutorial/en/index.json",baseUriFull,root_url="/",baseUri=root_url.replace(/\/$/,'');window.T_Copy_to_clipboard="Copy to clipboard",window.T_Copied_to_clipboard="Copied to clipboard!",window.T_Copy_link_to_clipboard="Copy link to clipboard",window.T_Link_copied_to_clipboard="Copied link to clipboard!",baseUriFull="https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/",variants.init(["blue"])</script><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/jquery.min.js?1652723066></script></head><body class=mobile-support data-url=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/><div id=body class=default-animation><div id=sidebar-overlay></div><div id=toc-overlay></div><nav id=topbar class=highlightable><div><div class=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/ title="Using plugins"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right fa-fw"></i></a></div><div class=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/ title="Mixing levels"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle title=Menu><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></span>
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<span id=toc-menu title="Table of Contents"><i class="fas fa-list-alt fa-fw"></i></span><ol class=links itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList><meta itemprop=itemListOrder content="Descending"><li itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem itemprop=itemListElement><meta itemprop=position content="3"><a itemprop=item href=/ardour-tutorial/en/><span itemprop=name>Home</span></a> ></li><li itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem itemprop=itemListElement><meta itemprop=position content="2"><a itemprop=item href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/><span itemprop=name>Mixing sessions</span></a> ></li><li itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/ListItem itemprop=itemListElement><meta itemprop=position content="1"><a itemprop=item href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/ aria-disabled=true><span itemprop=name>Panning</span></a></li></ol></div><div class="default-animation progress"><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#the-panning-interface>The Panning Interface</a><ul><li><a href=#mono-panner>Mono Panner</a></li><li><a href=#stereo-panner>Stereo Panner</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#panning-tricks>Panning Tricks</a></li><li><a href=#multichannel-panning>Multichannel Panning</a></li><li><a href=#continuing>Continuing</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></nav><main id=body-inner class=highlightable><div class=flex-block-wrapper><div id=head-tags></div><article><h1>Panning</h1><p>Once you have established a good balance of levels on all the tracks, you can
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begin to think about panning.</p><p>Panning helps to establish a <em>stereo field</em>, a relative space between the
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speakers in which to place your sounds and instruments.</p><h2 id=the-panning-interface>The Panning Interface</h2><p>The panning control in Ardour is located in the middle of the mixer strip.</p><p>A mono track will have a mono panner. It looks like this:</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-mono-panner.png alt="Mono panner"></figure><p>A stereo track will have a stereo panner, like this:</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-stereo-panner.png alt="Stereo panner"></figure><h3 id=mono-panner>Mono Panner</h3><p>The default mono panner distributes 1 input to 2 outputs. Its behavior is
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controlled by a single parameter, the <em>position</em>. By default, the panner is
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centered. You can change the position by clicking and dragging directly on the
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mono panner. Right-click on the panner to access other options.</p><h3 id=stereo-panner>Stereo Panner</h3><p>The default stereo panner distributes 2 inputs to 2 outputs. By default, the
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panner is centered as well.</p><h2 id=panning-tricks>Panning Tricks</h2><p>A more extensive discussion of panning philosophy and techniques is beyond the
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scope of this tutorial, but here are some general rules of thumb:</p><ul><li>Guitars tend to be panned to the left and right.</li><li>Vocals and bass tend to placed in the center. You want to create
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a balance so that one side is not louder then the other.</li><li>Headphones may be helpful in determining how instruments should be panned, and
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whether the mix feels lopsided because one side is too loud.</li></ul><p>Two other tools that are useful in creating a “spatial” or stereo field are
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<em>Reverb</em> and <em>Delay</em>. These effects can be used together with sends to
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create a drum send which would be further back in the mix with more Reverb, and
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a vocal send which might have a little more Delay but sound closer than the
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drums. Please see the sections on using plugins and sends later in this part of
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the tutorial for more information.</p><div class="box notices tip"><div class=box-label><i class="fas fa-lightbulb fa-fw"></i> Tip</div><div class=box-content><p>Always keep an eye on your levels while panning tracks! Panning a track to one
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channel increases the level of that channel. This may change the balance of
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levels you set up in the previous chapter, and in extreme cases can result in
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clipping. When this happens, reduce the overall levels of that track and check
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again how it sits in the mix.</p></div></div><h2 id=multichannel-panning>Multichannel Panning</h2><p>As Ardour supports multichannel tracks, it will also provide a
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multichannel-specific panning user interface for those tracks as well. Here is
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an example of a 4-channel audio track. You can see that there is a small user
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interface right in the mixer and a larger editor window that you can access by
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clicking anywhere in the empty space inside the panning area:</p><figure><img src=en/ardour7-multichannel-panning.png alt="Multichannel panning"></figure><p>Unless you work on projects where e.g.
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<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambisonics>Ambisonics</a> is involved, you will
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probably mostly deal with multichannel tracks when you use samplers,
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especially drums/percussion samplers. As different instruments in a drum kit
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tend to get a different treatment in post-production (e.g. how they are
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processed with a compressor), samplers tend to create a channel per
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instrument: one per kick drum, one per each snare etc. The idea is that you
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would route a channel into a separate bus and process it differently. Using a
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panner control in that case is unlikely to happen.</p><h2 id=continuing>Continuing</h2><p>By now, you should have a collection of tracks which are both mixed well and
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have an exciting stereo image. In the following chapters, we will learn about
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using plugins to enhance the sound of your mix.</p><p>Next: <a href=../using-plugins>USING PLUGINS</a></p><footer class=footline></footer></article></div></main></div><aside id=sidebar class=default-animation><div id=header-wrapper class=default-animation><div id=header class=default-animation><a id=logo href=/><svg id="Layer_1" width="92" height="80" viewBox="0 0 92 80" enable-background="new 0 0 92 80" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><defs id="defs6"/><path id="path6984" fill="#c61f40" d="M45.586.44-.082 79.558c3.356.0 2.828-2.382 4.417-2.382 1.681.004 1.367 1.19 2.951 1.19.814.0 1.467-.806 1.466-2.804.0-2.664.661-4.017 1.476-4.017s1.476 1.187 1.476 2.372c0 1.492.662 2.678 1.476 2.678.814.0 1.477-2.019 1.477-4.512l-.01-2.857c0-3.447.661-6.24 1.476-6.24s1.477 1.207 1.476 5.112c0 3.104.662 6.198 1.476 6.198s1.478-3.602 1.477-9.382c0-6.68.65-10.996 1.465-10.996s1.477 4.32 1.476 8.582c0 4.977.662 9.878 1.477 9.878s1.477-4.902 1.476-11.701c0-7.302.651-12.609 1.466-12.609.813.0 1.477 5.308 1.476 11.406.0 6.4.661 11.955 1.476 11.955s1.476-5.551 1.476-12.661c0-7.109.651-12.766 1.466-12.766s1.476 5.656 1.476 12.649c0 6.994.662 12.641 1.476 12.641s1.477-5.65 1.477-12.397c0-6.602.65-12.135 1.465-12.135s1.476 5.53 1.476 12.746c0 6.952.663 12.271 1.477 12.271.813.0 1.477-5.318 1.476-11.332.0-5.651.651-10.669 1.465-10.669s1.478 5.027 1.477 11.882c0 6.413.661 11.068 1.476 11.068s1.477-4.657 1.476-9.667c0-4.514.651-8.781 1.466-8.781s1.477 4.265 1.476 10.32c0 5.522.662 9.351 1.476 9.351s1.477-3.825 1.477-7.727c0-3.353.65-6.737 1.465-6.737s1.476 3.382 1.476 8.382c0 4.449.662 7.389 1.477 7.389s1.476-2.586 1.476-5.407c0-2.911.662-5.145 1.476-5.145s1.466 2.501 1.466 6.356c0 3.345.661 5.439 1.476 5.439s1.476-1.732 1.476-3.479c0-1.801.662-3.563 1.477-3.563.813.0 1.465 1.703 1.465 4.459.0 2.317.662 3.668 1.477 3.668s1.477-.941 1.477-2.034c0-1.438.661-2.098 1.476-2.098s1.466.987 1.466 2.814c0 1.44.661 2.192 1.476 2.192 1.539.0 1.331-1.917 2.951-1.929 1.773.0 1.253 2.571 2.941 2.571 1.217.0 2.159-.469 2.952-.474 1.316.0 1.408.928 4.416.928L45.588.44H45.586z" style="fill:#000"/></svg></a></div><div class="searchbox default-animation"><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label>
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<script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/search.js?1652723066></script></div><div id=homelinks class=default-animation><ul><li><a class=padding href=/ardour-tutorial/en/><i class="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a></li></ul></div><div id=content-wrapper class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-9278c07c1c4f7473c66529d5a0c6e688 class=toggle><label for=section-9278c07c1c4f7473c66529d5a0c6e688></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/><b>1. </b>Introduction</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/ title=Conventions class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/>Conventions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/ title="What is digital audio?" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/>What is digital audio?</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-6ba418844f4e8ce868bfa62d1bf5b9b1 class=toggle><label for=section-6ba418844f4e8ce868bfa62d1bf5b9b1></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/><b>2. </b>Getting started</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour/ title="Starting Ardour" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour/>Starting Ardour</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/ title="Overview of the Interface" class="dd-item alwaysopen"><input type=checkbox id=section-65fa48091b8ede8e5c409cc42ad6af14 class=toggle checked><label for=section-65fa48091b8ede8e5c409cc42ad6af14></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/>Overview of the Interface</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/ title="Editor window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/>Editor window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/ title="Mixer window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/>Mixer window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/ title="Recorder window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/>Recorder window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/ title="Cue window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/>Cue window</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/ title="Creating tracks and busses" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/>Creating tracks and busses</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/ title="Importing audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/>Importing audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/ title="Setting up the timeline" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/>Setting up the timeline</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/ title=Recording class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-f34c0a5099ecaf52ba2ddf859ecf8564 class=toggle><label for=section-f34c0a5099ecaf52ba2ddf859ecf8564></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/><b>3. </b>Recording</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/ title="Recording audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/>Recording audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/ title="Understanding routing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/>Understanding routing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/ title="Routing between applications" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/>Routing between applications</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/ title="Editing sessions" class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-ed31f397ca2ca87485e243bb5343239e class=toggle><label for=section-ed31f397ca2ca87485e243bb5343239e></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/><b>4. </b>Editing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/non-destructive-editing/ title="Non-destructive editing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/non-destructive-editing/>Non-destructive editing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/ title="Arranging tracks" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/>Arranging tracks</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-time-signature/ title="Setting up time signature" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-time-signature/>Setting up time signature</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/ title="Using ranges" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/>Using ranges</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/ title="Working with regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/>Working with regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/ title="Further region operations" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/>Further region operations</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/ title="Changing edit modes" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/>Changing edit modes</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/ title="Creating looped sections" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/>Creating looped sections</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/ title="Stretching & shrinking regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/>Stretching & shrinking regions</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/ title="Mixing sessions" class="dd-item parent"><input type=checkbox id=section-f5608541dea6efa7d91368337a358262 class=toggle checked><label for=section-f5608541dea6efa7d91368337a358262></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/><b>5. </b>Mixing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/ title="The mixer strip" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/>The mixer strip</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/ title="Mixing levels" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/>Mixing levels</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/ title=Panning class="dd-item active"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/>Panning</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/ title="Using plugins" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/>Using plugins</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/ title="Using sends" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/>Using sends</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/ title=Dynamics class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/>Dynamics</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/ title=Equalizing class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/>Equalizing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/ title="Using automation" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/>Using automation</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/ title="Exporting sessions" class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-c6dda4aa466f7b17965f60dcf070743f class=toggle><label for=section-c6dda4aa466f7b17965f60dcf070743f></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/><b>6. </b>Exporting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/ title="Exporting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/>Exporting a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/ title="Exporting a region" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/>Exporting a region</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/ title="Exporting a range" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/>Exporting a range</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/ title="Saving sessions" class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-46ec353b4160a03c88cfa742af14194f class=toggle><label for=section-46ec353b4160a03c88cfa742af14194f></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/><b>7. </b>Saving sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/ title="Saving a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/>Saving a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/ title="Saving a snapshot" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/>Saving a snapshot</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/ title="Saving a template" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/>Saving a template</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/ title=Appendices class=dd-item><input type=checkbox id=section-6750f124334d31e698d6ee9da14e5d03 class=toggle><label for=section-6750f124334d31e698d6ee9da14e5d03></label><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/><b>8. </b>Appendices</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/ title="Further help" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/>Further help</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/ title=Glossary class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/>Glossary</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/ title=Credits class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/>Credits</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/ title=License class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/>License</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/how-to-contribute/ title="How to contribute" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/how-to-contribute/>How to contribute</a></li></ul></li></ul><div id=shortcuts><div class=nav-title>More</div><ul><li><a class=padding href=https://github.com/prokoudine/ardour-tutorial><i class="fab fa-fw fa-github"></i> This tutorial on GitHub</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-home"></i> 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