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96 lines
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<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.95.0"><meta name=description content><link rel=icon href=/ardour-tutorial/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Recording audio :: Ardour tutorial</title><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/nucleus.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/hybrid.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/featherlight.min.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/auto-complete.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/theme.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/tabs.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/hugo-theme.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><link href=/ardour-tutorial/css/theme-blue.css?1647875365 rel=stylesheet><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1647875365></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}:not(pre)>code+span.copy-to-clipboard{display:none}</style></head><body data-url=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/recording-audio/><nav id=sidebar><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=/en><svg id="Layer_1" width="92" height="80" viewBox="0 0 92 80" enable-background="new 0 0 92 80" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><defs id="defs6"/><path id="path6984" fill="#c61f40" d="M45.586.44-.082 79.558c3.356.0 2.828-2.382 4.417-2.382 1.681.004 1.367 1.19 2.951 1.19.814.0 1.467-.806 1.466-2.804.0-2.664.661-4.017 1.476-4.017s1.476 1.187 1.476 2.372c0 1.492.662 2.678 1.476 2.678.814.0 1.477-2.019 1.477-4.512l-.01-2.857c0-3.447.661-6.24 1.476-6.24s1.477 1.207 1.476 5.112c0 3.104.662 6.198 1.476 6.198s1.478-3.602 1.477-9.382c0-6.68.65-10.996 1.465-10.996s1.477 4.32 1.476 8.582c0 4.977.662 9.878 1.477 9.878s1.477-4.902 1.476-11.701c0-7.302.651-12.609 1.466-12.609.813.0 1.477 5.308 1.476 11.406.0 6.4.661 11.955 1.476 11.955s1.476-5.551 1.476-12.661c0-7.109.651-12.766 1.466-12.766s1.476 5.656 1.476 12.649c0 6.994.662 12.641 1.476 12.641s1.477-5.65 1.477-12.397c0-6.602.65-12.135 1.465-12.135s1.476 5.53 1.476 12.746c0 6.952.663 12.271 1.477 12.271.813.0 1.477-5.318 1.476-11.332.0-5.651.651-10.669 1.465-10.669s1.478 5.027 1.477 11.882c0 6.413.661 11.068 1.476 11.068s1.477-4.657 1.476-9.667c0-4.514.651-8.781 1.466-8.781s1.477 4.265 1.476 10.32c0 5.522.662 9.351 1.476 9.351s1.477-3.825 1.477-7.727c0-3.353.65-6.737 1.465-6.737s1.476 3.382 1.476 8.382c0 4.449.662 7.389 1.477 7.389s1.476-2.586 1.476-5.407c0-2.911.662-5.145 1.476-5.145s1.466 2.501 1.466 6.356c0 3.345.661 5.439 1.476 5.439s1.476-1.732 1.476-3.479c0-1.801.662-3.563 1.477-3.563.813.0 1.465 1.703 1.465 4.459.0 2.317.662 3.668 1.477 3.668s1.477-.941 1.477-2.034c0-1.438.661-2.098 1.476-2.098s1.466.987 1.466 2.814c0 1.44.661 2.192 1.476 2.192 1.539.0 1.331-1.917 2.951-1.929 1.773.0 1.253 2.571 2.941 2.571 1.217.0 2.159-.469 2.952-.474 1.316.0 1.408.928 4.416.928L45.588.44H45.586z" style="fill:#000"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label>
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<script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en"</script><script type=text/javascript src=/ardour-tutorial/js/search.js?1647875365></script></div><section id=homelinks><ul><li><a class=padding href=/en><i class="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a></li></ul></section><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/><b>1. </b>Introduction</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/ title=Conventions class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/>Conventions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/ title="What is digital audio?" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/>What is digital audio?</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/><b>2. </b>Getting started</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-jack/ title="Starting JACK" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-jack/>Starting JACK</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/ title="Starting Ardour" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/>Starting Ardour</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/ title="Overview of the Interface" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/>Overview of the Interface</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/ title="Starting sessions" class="dd-item
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parent"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/><b>3. </b>Starting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/starting-a-session/ title="Starting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/starting-a-session/>Starting a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/setting-up-the-timeline/ title="Setting up the timeline" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/setting-up-the-timeline/>Setting up the timeline</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/creating-a-track-or-bus/ title="Creating a track or a bus" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/creating-a-track-or-bus/>Creating a track or a bus</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/importing-audio/ title="Importing audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/importing-audio/>Importing audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/recording-audio/ title="Recording audio" class="dd-item active"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/recording-audio/>Recording audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/understanding-routing/ title="Understanding routing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/understanding-routing/>Understanding routing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/routing-between-applications/ title="Routing between applications" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/routing-between-applications/>Routing between applications</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/ title="Editing sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/><b>4. </b>Editing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/ title="Arranging tracks" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/>Arranging tracks</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-the-meter/ title="Setting up the meter" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-the-meter/>Setting up the meter</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/ title="Using ranges" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/>Using ranges</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/ title="Working with regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/>Working with regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/ title="Further region operations" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/>Further region operations</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/ title="Changing edit modes" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/>Changing edit modes</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/ title="Creating looped sections" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/>Creating looped sections</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/ title="Stretching & shrinking regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/>Stretching & shrinking regions</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/ title="Mixing sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/><b>5. </b>Mixing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/ title="The mixer strip" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/>The mixer strip</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/ title="Mixing levels" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/>Mixing levels</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/ title=Panning class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/>Panning</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/ title="Using plugins" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/>Using plugins</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/ title="Using sends" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/>Using sends</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/ title=Dynamics class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/>Dynamics</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/ title=Equalizing class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/>Equalizing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/ title="Using automation" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/>Using automation</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/ title="Exporting sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/><b>6. </b>Exporting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/ title="Exporting regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/>Exporting regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/ title="Exporting a range" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/>Exporting a range</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/ title="Exporting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/>Exporting a session</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/ title="Saving sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/><b>7. </b>Saving sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/ title="Saving a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/>Saving a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/ title="Saving a snapshot" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/>Saving a snapshot</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/ title="Saving a template" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/>Saving a template</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/ title=Appendices class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/><b>8. </b>Appendices</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/ title="Further help" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/>Further help</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/ title=Glossary class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/>Glossary</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/ title=Links class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/>Links</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/ title=Credits class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/>Credits</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/ title=License class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/>License</a></li></ul></li></ul><section id=shortcuts><h3>More</h3><ul><li><a class=padding href=https://github.com/brunoruviaro/ardour4-tutorial/><i class="fab fa-fw fa-github"></i> This tutorial on GitHub</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-home"></i> Ardour's homepage</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://manual.ardour.org><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bookmark"></i> User manual</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://discourse.ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-users"></i> Forum</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://prokoudine.github.io/en/ardour-tutorial/appendices/credits><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bullhorn"></i> Credits</a></li></ul></section><section id=prefooter><hr><ul><li><a class=padding><i class="fas fa-language fa-fw"></i><div class=select-style><select id=select-language onchange="location=this.value"><option id=en value=https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/recording-audio/ selected>English</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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<span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span>
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<span class=links><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/>Home</a> > <a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/>Starting sessions</a> > Recording audio</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#arming-the-track>Arming the Track</a></li><li><a href=#arm-ardour-and-start-recording>Arm Ardour and Start Recording</a></li><li><a href=#avoid-clipping>Avoid Clipping</a></li><li><a href=#region-list>Region List</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#continuing>Continuing</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Recording audio</h1><p>Besides Importing Audio, another way to create Regions in your Ardour
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session is to <em>record</em> new audio.</p><p>The source of this audio could be the line or microphone inputs of your audio
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interface, or it could even be sound originating from other applications on your
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computer which have been connected to Ardour via JACK. Please see the section on
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<strong>Routing</strong> for more details.</p><p>This section will show you how to record audio from an external source
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(for example, a microphone) onto a track in Ardour.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Editor_Mixer_Input.png alt="Editor Mixer Input"></p><p>First, you should check that the proper inputs have been routed to the
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track you wish to record to.</p><ol><li>Select the track by clicking on the empty space just below its name and volume slider.</li><li>The Track becomes highlighted.</li><li>The vertical strip <strong>Editor Mixer</strong> located on the left side of the Editor window should now show the Track you just selected
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(<em>Audio 1</em> in the image above).</li><li>Just below the Track name in the Editor Mixer you will find a button that allows you to
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edit the Routing.</li><li>Click on that button to investigate the Routing.</li></ol><div class="notices note"><p>If you don’t see the Editor Mixer strip, use the <strong>Shift + E</strong> shortcut to make it appear.</p></div><p>In the next image you can see that the only input of this Mono Track is
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receiving signal from <em>system capture_1</em>. This normally means the first
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microphone input of your soundcard. The actual names of the connections on your personal computer may be different depending on a number of factors, including whether you are using a Mac, Windows, or Linux computer. If you don’t see a connection named <em>system capture_1</em>, look for whichever connection name is likely to be your input microphone.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Audio_1_input.png alt="Audio 1 input"> </p><p>The tabs that you see displayed vertically on the left are available
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sources. “<em>Audio 1 in</em>” on the bottom right is the
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destination. The green dot represents a connection.</p><p>The <strong>Ardour</strong> tabs show the connections that can be made from other
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sources within Ardour. The <strong>Other</strong> tab displays audio connections
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available from software other than Ardour. The <strong>Hardware</strong> tab shows
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hardware connections (for example, the built-in microphone of your
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computer or the inputs from your sound card). This will be explained in more detail in the
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<strong>Understanding Routing</strong> chapter. </p><p>For the purpose of this chapter, simply make sure that system capture_1
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(or equivalent in your computer) from Hardware tab is connected to the track you want to use so that we can do
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a test recording. If you don’t see a green dot as in the screenshot
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above, click on the matrix to make the connection manually. You can now
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close this window.</p><div class="notices note"><p>The example above assumes you are recording a Mono sound source
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onto a Mono Track. If you want to record in Stereo, the instructions are
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pretty much the same, but you should create a Stereo Track. You should
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then see two green dots, one for capture_1 and another for capture_2.</p></div><h3 id=arming-the-track>Arming the Track</h3><p><em>Please be sure to first turn down the volume of your loudspeakers before the next step.</em></p><p>“Arming the Track” is simply to get it ready for recording. Once you
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have checked that the proper capture inputs have been routed to the
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Track, you can arm the Track to record by clicking on the small red icon
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on the horizontal track strip (not the big one in the Transport
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controls).</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Arming_The_Track.png alt="Arming Track"> </p><p>When properly armed, the small red icon will remain
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highlighted, and you will be able to see the incoming signal by looking
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at the <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>Meter</strong> on the Editor Mixer or on the horizontal Track
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strip.</p><p>If you are using headphones, you should be able to hear (“monitor”) the sounds being recorded. If you are using loudspeakers, be sure to turn their volume down to avoid feedback.</p><div class="notices note"><p>Unless you have told Ardour to do otherwise, the input being
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recorded will be monitored (in other words, heard) via
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the <strong>Audition</strong> output. If you are not using headphones to monitor the
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recording process, you may get some loud feedback at this point!</p></div><h3 id=arm-ardour-and-start-recording>Arm Ardour and Start Recording</h3><p>Now that you have armed the Track to record, you must arm Ardour itself
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to record by clicking on the big red button in the <strong>Transport menu</strong>.
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The button will blink in red, indicating that Ardour is ready to record.
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To start recording, click on the Play button in the Transport menu, or
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press the space bar of your computer keyboard. Clicking the Play button
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again (or pressing the space bar) will stop recording.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Recording.png alt=Recording></p><p>While recording, the armed Track will capture the sounds from the input.
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Any existing sound on other tracks will play normally during the
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recording. This allows you to play, sing or speak along with other
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Regions and Tracks you have already recorded or embedded in your
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Session.</p><p>While recording, you will be able to see the <strong>Levels</strong> (the amplitude
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in Decibels) of the incoming sound, as well as see the <strong>Peaks</strong> of the
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<strong>Waveform</strong> appearing as it is recorded.</p><h3 id=avoid-clipping>Avoid Clipping</h3><p>The audio in the screenshot below was recorded too loud and produced
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<strong>Clipping</strong> (in other words, the signal recorded was outside the bounds
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of what could be represented digitally), which results in a loss of
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information and audible distortion. The clipped peaks in the waveform
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are marked in red.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Clipping.png alt=Clipping></p><p>The best and easiest way to avoid Clipping is have some control over the
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volume of the incoming audio signal before it gets to the sound card.
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For example, you can can move the microphone further away from the sound
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being recorded or use a mixer to reduce the volume of the incoming
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signal. </p><p>When the audio signal has been recorded within proper limits, you should
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see no red Peaks, and the level meter should show a negative number as
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maximum peak (for example, a maximum peak of around −3.0 Decibels allows
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for a comfortable distance from the Clipping Point.)</p><p>The range of decibels between the region’s maximum Peak and the Clipping
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Point is commonly referred to as <strong>Headroom</strong>. It is common recording
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practice to keep approximately three to six Decibels of Headroom between
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the maximum of your signal and the Clipping Point, with the Clipping
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Point itself being represented as 0dB (zero Decibels). In other words,
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an audio region with a comfortable amount of Headroom would have its
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maximum Peaks between −6dB and −3dB.</p><h3 id=region-list>Region List</h3><p>Recorded audio appears as a new Region in the recording Track. Like all
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Regions, this newly recorded one will be available in the Region List,
|
||
from where you can drag-and-drop it into other Tracks if needed.</p><p>The Region you just recorded will automatically receive the name of the
|
||
Track where it was recorded, with different takes being automatically
|
||
numbered. In the screenshot below, “<em>Audio 1-1</em>” and “<em>Audio 1-2</em>”
|
||
represent two different recordings made on a track named “<em>Audio 1</em>”.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_RegionList_Recording.png alt="Region List Rec"></p><p>You might want to plan ahead and organize your recording Session by
|
||
giving appropriate names to different tracks. For example, a Track used
|
||
only for recording vocals can be named “Voice”. This way, recorded sound
|
||
files will be named accordingly, and different takes will appear in the
|
||
Regions List identified as “Voice-1”, “Voice-2”, etc, rather than the
|
||
default generic names, such as “Audio 1”.</p><p>To rename a Track, just double-click on its name (before you arm the track to
|
||
record) and type in the new name.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Rename_Track.png alt="Rename Track"></p><div class="notices tip"><p>Did we mention how important it is to <strong>save your work often?</strong> Hit <strong>Ctrl + S</strong> right now. Get in the habit of hitting it every few minutes.</p></div><h2 id=continuing>Continuing</h2><p>At this point, you may want to skip directly ahead to the <a href=../arranging-tracks><strong>Arranging Tracks</strong></a> section
|
||
to learn how to arrange the Regions
|
||
into a composition. If you plan on doing more complicated Recording than
|
||
what we have discussed here, in particular with a multichannel
|
||
soundcard, or from other JACK-enabled audio programs on your computer,
|
||
you should also have a look at the <a href=../understanding-routing><strong>Understanding Routing</strong></a> chapter.</p><p>Next: <a href=../arranging-tracks>ARRANGING TRACKS</a> or <a href=../understanding-routing>UNDERSTANDING ROUTING</a></p><footer class=footline></footer></div></div><div id=navigation></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/clipboard.min.js?1647875365></script>
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