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45 lines
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<script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en"</script><script type=text/javascript src=/ardour-tutorial/js/search.js?1647875365></script></div><section id=homelinks><ul><li><a class=padding href=/en><i class="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a></li></ul></section><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/><b>1. </b>Introduction</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/ title=Conventions class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/>Conventions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/ title="What is digital audio?" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/>What is digital audio?</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/><b>2. </b>Getting started</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-jack/ title="Starting JACK" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-jack/>Starting JACK</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/ title="Starting Ardour" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/>Starting Ardour</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/ title="Overview of the Interface" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/>Overview of the Interface</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/ title="Starting sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/><b>3. </b>Starting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/starting-a-session/ title="Starting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/starting-a-session/>Starting a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/setting-up-the-timeline/ title="Setting up the timeline" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/setting-up-the-timeline/>Setting up the timeline</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/creating-a-track-or-bus/ title="Creating a track or a bus" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/creating-a-track-or-bus/>Creating a track or a bus</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/importing-audio/ title="Importing audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/importing-audio/>Importing audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/recording-audio/ title="Recording audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/recording-audio/>Recording audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/understanding-routing/ title="Understanding routing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/understanding-routing/>Understanding routing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/routing-between-applications/ title="Routing between applications" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/starting-sessions/routing-between-applications/>Routing between applications</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/ title="Editing sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/><b>4. </b>Editing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/ title="Arranging tracks" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/>Arranging tracks</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-the-meter/ title="Setting up the meter" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-the-meter/>Setting up the meter</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/ title="Using ranges" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/>Using ranges</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/ title="Working with regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/>Working with regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/ title="Further region operations" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/>Further region operations</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/ title="Changing edit modes" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/>Changing edit modes</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/ title="Creating looped sections" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/>Creating looped sections</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/ title="Stretching & shrinking regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/>Stretching & shrinking regions</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/ title="Mixing sessions" class="dd-item
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parent"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/><b>5. </b>Mixing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/ title="The mixer strip" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/>The mixer strip</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/ title="Mixing levels" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/>Mixing levels</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/ title=Panning class="dd-item active"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/>Panning</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/ title="Using plugins" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/>Using plugins</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/ title="Using sends" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/>Using sends</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/ title=Dynamics class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/>Dynamics</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/ title=Equalizing class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/>Equalizing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/ title="Using automation" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/>Using automation</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/ title="Exporting sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/><b>6. </b>Exporting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/ title="Exporting regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/>Exporting regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/ title="Exporting a range" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/>Exporting a range</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/ title="Exporting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/>Exporting a session</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/ title="Saving sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/><b>7. </b>Saving sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/ title="Saving a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/>Saving a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/ title="Saving a snapshot" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/>Saving a snapshot</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/ title="Saving a template" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/>Saving a template</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/ title=Appendices class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/><b>8. </b>Appendices</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/ title="Further help" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/>Further help</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/ title=Glossary class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/>Glossary</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/ title=Links class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/>Links</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/ title=Credits class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/>Credits</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/ title=License class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/>License</a></li></ul></li></ul><section id=shortcuts><h3>More</h3><ul><li><a class=padding href=https://github.com/brunoruviaro/ardour4-tutorial/><i class="fab fa-fw fa-github"></i> This tutorial on GitHub</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-home"></i> Ardour's homepage</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://manual.ardour.org><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bookmark"></i> User manual</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://discourse.ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-users"></i> Forum</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://prokoudine.github.io/en/ardour-tutorial/appendices/credits><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bullhorn"></i> Credits</a></li></ul></section><section id=prefooter><hr><ul><li><a class=padding><i class="fas fa-language fa-fw"></i><div class=select-style><select id=select-language onchange="location=this.value"><option id=en 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<span class=links><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/>Home</a> > <a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/>Mixing sessions</a> > Panning</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#the-panning-interface>The Panning Interface</a><ul><li><a href=#mono-panner>Mono Panner</a></li><li><a href=#stereo-panner>Stereo Panner</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#panning-tricks>Panning Tricks</a></li><li><a href=#continuing>Continuing</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Panning</h1><p>Panning helps to establish a <strong>Stereo Field</strong>, a relative space between the speakers in which to
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place your sounds and instruments.</p><p>Once you have established a good balance of levels on all the Tracks,
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you can begin to think about panning.</p><h2 id=the-panning-interface>The Panning Interface</h2><p>The <strong>Panning</strong> control in Ardour is located in the middle of the mixer
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strip.</p><p>A Mono Track will have a Mono Panner. It looks like this:</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Panning_MONO.png alt=monopan></p><p>A Stereo Track will have a Stereo Panner, like this:</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Panning_STEREO.png alt=stereopan></p><h3 id=mono-panner>Mono Panner</h3><p>The default Mono Panner distributes 1 input to 2 outputs. Its behaviour
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is controlled by a single parameter, the <em>position</em>. By default, the
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panner is centered. You can change the position by clicking and dragging
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directly on the Mono Panner. Right-click on the panner to access other
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options.</p><h3 id=stereo-panner>Stereo Panner</h3><p>The default Stereo Panner distributes 2 inputs to 2 outputs. Its
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behaviour is controlled by two parameters, <em>width</em> and <em>position</em>. By
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default, the panner is centered at full width.</p><p>Click and drag either the Left or the Right button to change the
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<em>width</em>. For example, if you bring them closer together it will look
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like this:</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Panning_STEREO_WIDTH.png alt="stereo width"> </p><p>With a narrower width, you can also drag the top handle to change the
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relative center position, like this:</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Panning_Stereo_example.png alt="stereo panner example"></p><p>If we make the Left and Right buttons to overlap completely (that is,
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width is reduced to zero), the handles turn into a single signal
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indicator marked “M” (for mono):</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Panning_Stereo_Mono.png alt="stereo mono example"></p><h2 id=panning-tricks>Panning Tricks</h2><p>A more extensive discussion of panning philosophy and techniques is beyond the scope of this tutorial,
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but here are some general rules of thumb:</p><ul><li>Guitars tend to be Panned to the left and right.</li><li>Vocals and bass tend to placed in the center. You want to create
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a balance so that one side is not louder then the other.</li><li>Headphones may be helpful in determining how instruments should be panned, and whether the mix feels lopsided because one side is too loud.</li></ul><p>Two other tools that are useful in creating a “spatial” or Stereo Field
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are <strong>Reverb</strong> and <strong>Delay</strong>. These effects can be used together with
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sends to create a drum send which would be further back in the mix with
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more Reverb, and a vocal send which might have a little more Delay but
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sound closer than the drums. Please see the chapter on <strong>Using Plugins</strong>
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and <strong>Using Sends</strong> for more information.</p><div class="notices tip"><p>Always keep an eye on your Levels while Panning Tracks! Panning
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a Track to one channel increases the Level of that channel. This
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may change the balance of Levels you set up in the previous chapter, and
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in extreme cases can result in Clipping. When this happens, reduce the
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overall Levels of that Track and check again how it sits in the Mix.</p></div><h2 id=continuing>Continuing</h2><p>By now, you should have a collection of Tracks which are both Mixed well
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and have an exciting Stereo Image. In the following chapters, we will
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learn about <strong>Using Plugins</strong> to enhance the sound of your Mix.</p><p>Next: <a href=../using-plugins>USING PLUGINS</a></p><footer class=footline></footer></div></div><div id=navigation></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/clipboard.min.js?1647875365></script>
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