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<script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en"</script><script type=text/javascript src=/ardour-tutorial/js/search.js?1649712261></script></div><section id=homelinks><ul><li><a class=padding href=/ardour-tutorial/en/><i class="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a></li></ul></section><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/><b>1. </b>Introduction</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/ title=Conventions class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/>Conventions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/ title="What is digital audio?" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/>What is digital audio?</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/><b>2. </b>Getting started</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/ title="Starting Ardour" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/>Starting Ardour</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/ title="Overview of the Interface" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/>Overview of the Interface</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/ title="Editor window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/>Editor window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/ title="Mixer window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/>Mixer window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/ title="Recorder window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/>Recorder window</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/ title="Cue window" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/>Cue window</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/ title="Creating tracks and busses" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/>Creating tracks and busses</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/ title="Importing audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/>Importing audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/ title="Setting up the timeline" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/>Setting up the timeline</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/ title=Recording class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/><b>3. </b>Recording</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/ title="Recording audio" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/>Recording audio</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/ title="Understanding routing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/>Understanding routing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/ title="Routing between applications" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/>Routing between applications</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/ title="Editing sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/><b>4. </b>Editing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/non-destructive-editing/ title="Non-destructive editing" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/non-destructive-editing/>Non-destructive editing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/ title="Arranging tracks" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/arranging-tracks/>Arranging tracks</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-time-signature/ title="Setting up time signature" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/setting-up-time-signature/>Setting up time signature</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/ title="Using ranges" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/using-ranges/>Using ranges</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/ title="Working with regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/working-with-regions/>Working with regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/ title="Further region operations" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/further-region-operations/>Further region operations</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/ title="Changing edit modes" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/changing-edit-modes/>Changing edit modes</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/ title="Creating looped sections" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/creating-looped-sections/>Creating looped sections</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/ title="Stretching & shrinking regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/stretching-shrinking-regions/>Stretching & shrinking regions</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/ title="Mixing sessions" class="dd-item
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parent"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/><b>5. </b>Mixing sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/ title="The mixer strip" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/the-mixer-strip/>The mixer strip</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/ title="Mixing levels" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/mixing-levels/>Mixing levels</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/ title=Panning class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/panning/>Panning</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/ title="Using plugins" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-plugins/>Using plugins</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/ title="Using sends" class="dd-item active"><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-sends/>Using sends</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/ title=Dynamics class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/dynamics/>Dynamics</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/ title=Equalizing class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/equalizing/>Equalizing</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/ title="Using automation" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/using-automation/>Using automation</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/ title="Exporting sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/><b>6. </b>Exporting sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/ title="Exporting regions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-region/>Exporting regions</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/ title="Exporting a range" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-range/>Exporting a range</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/ title="Exporting a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/exporting-sessions/exporting-a-session/>Exporting a session</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/ title="Saving sessions" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/><b>7. </b>Saving sessions</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/ title="Saving a session" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-session/>Saving a session</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/ title="Saving a snapshot" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-snapshot/>Saving a snapshot</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/ title="Saving a template" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/saving-sessions/saving-a-template/>Saving a template</a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/ title=Appendices class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/><b>8. </b>Appendices</a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/ title="Further help" class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/further-help/>Further help</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/ title=Glossary class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/glossary/>Glossary</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/ title=Links class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/links/>Links</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/ title=Credits class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/>Credits</a></li><li data-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/ title=License class=dd-item><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/license/>License</a></li></ul></li></ul><section id=shortcuts><h3>More</h3><ul><li><a class=padding href=https://github.com/prokoudine/ardour-tutorial><i class="fab fa-fw fa-github"></i> This tutorial on GitHub</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-home"></i> Ardour's homepage</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://manual.ardour.org><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bookmark"></i> User manual</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://discourse.ardour.org/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-users"></i> Forum</a></li><li><a class=padding href=https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en/appendices/credits/><i class="fas fa-fw fa-bullhorn"></i> Credits</a></li></ul></section><section id=prefooter><hr><ul><li><a class=padding><i class="fas fa-language fa-fw"></i><div class=select-style><select id=select-language onchange="location=this.value"><option id=en 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<span class=links><a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/>Home</a> > <a href=/ardour-tutorial/en/mixing-sessions/>Mixing sessions</a> > Using sends</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#when-is-a-send-useful>When is a Send useful?</a></li><li><a href=#creating-the-bus-and-adding-a-plugin>Creating the Bus and adding a Plugin</a><ul><li><a href=#bus-inputs>Bus inputs</a></li><li><a href=#bus-output>Bus output</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#creating-and-routing-sends>Creating and Routing Sends</a><ul><li><a href=#post-fader-vs-pre-fader-sends>Post-Fader vs Pre-Fader Sends</a></li><li><a href=#send-fader>Send Fader</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#continuing>Continuing</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Using sends</h1><p>A <em>Send</em> is just an extra output for a Track or Bus with its
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own separate Fader that can be used to route the signal to other points in
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Ardour.</p><p>Also known as <strong>Auxiliary Sends</strong>, they tap the signal at a specific point in
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the signal flow (pre-fader, post-fader, before or after EQs and other
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plugins, etc.) and send a copy of that signal somewhere else, without
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affecting the normal signal flow downwards to the channel fader.</p><p>In Ardour, you can easily add <strong>Sends</strong> to Tracks and Busses through the Mixer Strip. Sends are Processors, just like Plugins.</p><h2 id=when-is-a-send-useful>When is a Send useful?</h2><p>In earlier chapters, we built a drum kit pattern with four separate tracks: kick, snare, hihat, and clap.
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Let’s say now you’d like to add a reverb to the drums. You could of course add a separate plugin for each individual track,
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and tweak their settings separately, but this method unnecessarily increases the amount of work. Every time you want
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to change a reverb setting across the board for all drums, you’d have to open all four reverb plugins and change them in the same way.</p><p><em>This is where Sends come in handy: you can use them to add a particular effect to a set of Tracks without creating multiple
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instances of the same Plugin.</em></p><p>Here’s the overview of how we will do this:</p><ul><li>Create a single Bus with the desired Plugin.</li><li>Add a Send to each drum track to which you want to apply the effect.</li><li>Route these Sends to the Bus.</li></ul><h2 id=creating-the-bus-and-adding-a-plugin>Creating the Bus and adding a Plugin</h2><p>Create a Bus (menu <em>Track > Add Track, Bus, or VCA…</em>), name it appropriately, and add a
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Plugin in the Pre-Fader Region (right-click just above the Fader blue
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rectangle in the Processor Box), as discussed in the chapter <strong>Using
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Plugins</strong>.</p><p>In this example, we have created a Mono Bus called “<em>DRUMS</em>”, and added
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the “<em>Freeverb</em>” Reverb LADSPA Plugin to the bus.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Sends_1.png alt=sends1></p><h3 id=bus-inputs>Bus inputs</h3><p>The “-” display in the Bus Input button indicates that nothing
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is routed to this bus yet. We will take care of this later.</p><h3 id=bus-output>Bus output</h3><p>Before routing a send to this Bus, first make
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sure that the Bus outputs are Routed to the Master Bus, as shown below
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(button at bottom reads “<em>master</em>”).</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Sends_2.png alt=sends2></p><p>Also, open the Plugin Window (double click on the Freeverb rectangle) and set the Plugin’s signal mix to 1.0 Wet
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Level and 0.0 Dry Level.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Sends_3.png alt=sends3></p><p>This ensures that the Bus carries all of the processed signal (the ‘Wet’
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signal) from the Plugin, and none of the unprocessed signal (the ‘Dry’
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signal) to the Master Bus. Remember, the unprocessed, ‘clean’ signals
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are still available from their original tracks, so there is no need to
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duplicate them in this Bus.</p><h2 id=creating-and-routing-sends>Creating and Routing Sends</h2><p>Now we can create Sends in the other Tracks and route them to the Bus
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inputs.</p><p>Like Plugins, Sends are also created in the Processor Box. Go to each of
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your drum tracks, right-click in empty space of the Processor Box, and create a <em>New Aux
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Send…</em> directed to the appropriate Bus (in our case, named DRUMS).</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Sends_4.png alt=sends4> </p><div class="notices tip"><p>If you do <em>not</em> see the “<em>New Aux Sends…</em>” option in the menu, it’s probably because you did not create any bus yet. Go back to the previous step to create the bus.</p></div><p>You should now see the Send displayed in the Processor Box:</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Post-Fader_Send.png alt=postfader> </p><p>The little “<em>Send</em>” slider you see just below the green rectangle is the Send Fader, which
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controls how much sound will be sent from this Track to the Bus.</p><h3 id=post-fader-vs-pre-fader-sends>Post-Fader vs Pre-Fader Sends</h3><p>Notice that the image above shows a Post-Fader Send (it sits “<em>after</em>” the Fader rectangle).
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In Post-Fader Sends, the Send Level is controlled <em>first</em> by both the Track/Bus Fader and <em>second</em> by the
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Send Fader.</p><p>In a <em>Pre</em>-Fader Send, on the other hand, the Send Level is controlled only
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by the Send Fader, independently of the Track/Bus Fader. A Pre-Fader Send would look like this:</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Pre-Fader_Send.png alt=prefader> </p><p>You can drag the Send rectangle up and down the Processor box to make it Pre- or Post-Fader as needed.</p><div class="notices tip"><p>The choice of Pre- or Post-Fader depending on the type of effect Plugin
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used and the desired result. For this exercise, either one will work.</p></div><p>A Send behaves just like any other Plugin in the Processor Box.
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You can deactivate it temporarily by clicking on the small “LED”, and you can right click on the rectangle to access other options, including “<em>Delete</em>”.</p><h3 id=send-fader>Send Fader</h3><p>To control level of each Send, simply click and drag the Send Fader to increase or decrease its volume.</p><p><img src=en/Ardour4_Send_Fader.png alt=sendfader> </p><p>The DRUMS Bus is now receiving the sum of all tracks, and applying the effect to it. A single Plugin applied to the Bus controls the effect for the mix of all drum sounds routed there. This way, you have independent control over the “dry” sound of the original tracks, and the “wet” sound of coming out of the Bus.</p><p>Because Sends are very useful for this kind of work with effect Plugins, they are also commonly
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called “Effect Sends”.</p><h2 id=continuing>Continuing</h2><p>Now that you know how to <strong>Add Plugins</strong> to a Track, as well as how to
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<strong>Add Sends</strong> to Tracks to create Plugin Busses usable by any number of
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Tracks, it might be helpful to learn about a few other Plugins useful in
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the Mixing Process. Please continue on to the following chapters
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covering <strong>Dynamics</strong> and <strong>Equalizing</strong>.</p><p>Next: <a href=../dynamics>DYNAMICS</a></p><footer class=footline></footer></div></div><div id=navigation></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=/ardour-tutorial/js/clipboard.min.js?1649712261></script>
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