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" +++ -Panning helps to establish a **Stereo Field**, a relative space between the speakers in which to -place your sounds and instruments. +Once you have established a good balance of levels on all the tracks, you can +begin to think about panning. -Once you have established a good balance of levels on all the Tracks, -you can begin to think about panning. +Panning helps to establish a _stereo field_, a relative space between the +speakers in which to place your sounds and instruments. ## The Panning Interface -The **Panning** control in Ardour is located in the middle of the mixer -strip. +The panning control in Ardour is located in the middle of the mixer strip. -A Mono Track will have a Mono Panner. It looks like this: +A mono track will have a mono panner. It looks like this: -![monopan](en/Ardour4_Panning_MONO.png) +{{< figure src="en/ardour7-mono-panner.png" alt="Mono panner" >}} -A Stereo Track will have a Stereo Panner, like this: +A stereo track will have a stereo panner, like this: -![stereopan](en/Ardour4_Panning_STEREO.png) +{{< figure src="en/ardour7-stereo-panner.png" alt="Stereo panner" >}} ### Mono Panner -The default Mono Panner distributes 1 input to 2 outputs. Its behaviour -is controlled by a single parameter, the *position*. By default, the -panner is centered. You can change the position by clicking and dragging -directly on the Mono Panner. Right-click on the panner to access other -options. +The default mono panner distributes 1 input to 2 outputs. Its behavior is +controlled by a single parameter, the *position*. By default, the panner is +centered. You can change the position by clicking and dragging directly on the +mono panner. Right-click on the panner to access other options. ### Stereo Panner -The default Stereo Panner distributes 2 inputs to 2 outputs. Its -behaviour is controlled by two parameters, *width* and *position*. By -default, the panner is centered at full width. - -Click and drag either the Left or the Right button to change the -*width*. For example, if you bring them closer together it will look -like this: - -![stereo width](en/Ardour4_Panning_STEREO_WIDTH.png)  - -With a narrower width, you can also drag the top handle to change the -relative center position, like this: - -![stereo panner example](en/Ardour4_Panning_Stereo_example.png) - -If we make the Left and Right buttons to overlap completely (that is, -width is reduced to zero), the handles turn into a single signal -indicator marked "M" (for mono): - -![stereo mono example](en/Ardour4_Panning_Stereo_Mono.png) +The default stereo panner distributes 2 inputs to 2 outputs. By default, the +panner is centered as well. ## Panning Tricks -A more extensive discussion of panning philosophy and techniques is beyond the scope of this tutorial, -but here are some general rules of thumb: +A more extensive discussion of panning philosophy and techniques is beyond the +scope of this tutorial, but here are some general rules of thumb: -* Guitars tend to be Panned to the left and right. +* Guitars tend to be panned to the left and right. * Vocals and bass tend to placed in the center. You want to create a balance so that one side is not louder then the other. -* Headphones may be helpful in determining how instruments should be panned, and whether the mix feels lopsided because one side is too loud. +* Headphones may be helpful in determining how instruments should be panned, and +whether the mix feels lopsided because one side is too loud. -Two other tools that are useful in creating a "spatial" or Stereo Field -are **Reverb** and **Delay**. These effects can be used together with -sends to create a drum send which would be further back in the mix with -more Reverb, and a vocal send which might have a little more Delay but -sound closer than the drums. Please see the chapter on **Using Plugins** -and **Using Sends** for more information. +Two other tools that are useful in creating a "spatial" or stereo field are +_Reverb_ and _Delay_. These effects can be used together with sends to +create a drum send which would be further back in the mix with more Reverb, and +a vocal send which might have a little more Delay but sound closer than the +drums. Please see the sections on using plugins and sends later in this part of +the tutorial for more information. {{% notice tip %}} -Always keep an eye on your Levels while Panning Tracks! Panning -a Track to one channel increases the Level of that channel. This -may change the balance of Levels you set up in the previous chapter, and -in extreme cases can result in Clipping. When this happens, reduce the -overall Levels of that Track and check again how it sits in the Mix. +Always keep an eye on your levels while panning tracks! Panning a track to one +channel increases the level of that channel. This may change the balance of +levels you set up in the previous chapter, and in extreme cases can result in +clipping. When this happens, reduce the overall levels of that track and check +again how it sits in the mix. {{% /notice %}} +## Multichannel Panning + +As Ardour supports multichannel tracks, it will also provide a +multichannel-specific panning user interface for those tracks as well. Here is +an example of a 4-channel audio track. You can see that there is a small user +interface right in the mixer and a larger editor window that you can access by +clicking anywhere in the empty space inside the panning area: + +{{< figure src="en/ardour7-multichannel-panning.png" alt="Multichannel panning" >}} + +Unless you work on projects where e.g. +[Ambisonics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambisonics) is involved, you will +probably mostly deal with multichannel tracks when you use samplers, +especially drums/percussion samplers. As different instruments in a drum kit +tend to get a different treatment in post-production (e.g. how they are +processed with a compressor), samplers tend to create a channel per +instrument: one per kick drum, one per each snare etc. The idea is that you +would route a channel into a separate bus and process it differently. Using a +panner control in that case is unlikely to happen. + ## Continuing -By now, you should have a collection of Tracks which are both Mixed well -and have an exciting Stereo Image. In the following chapters, we will -learn about **Using Plugins** to enhance the sound of your Mix. +By now, you should have a collection of tracks which are both mixed well and +have an exciting stereo image. In the following chapters, we will learn about +using plugins to enhance the sound of your mix. Next: [USING PLUGINS](../using-plugins)