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The vast majority of the work there involves tweaking position and +duration of notes, adjusting velocity, and editing automation. Ardour provides +tools to edit these settings both interactively and numerically. + +So let's review available tool and then do a quick exercise. + +Most of the editing assumes having at least one note selected in a MIDI region. +We'll start with selecting notes. + +## Selecting notes + +There are multiple ways to select notes in the _Internal Edit_ mode, it really +depends on what you want to do. + +To select one note, just single-click it. To add another note to the +selection, press and hold **Ctrl**, then click that note. To remove a note +from the selection, again, press and hold **Ctrl**, then click it. + +If you need to extend an existing selection to another note and include all +notes inbetween, press and hold **Shift**, then click the note that you want +to extend the selection to. + +To select multiple adjucent notes, you can do a regular rubberband selection. +Move the mouse pointer to a blank part of the canvas that is close to those +notes, press and hold the left mouse button, then drag the mouse to "draw" a +rectangular area. All notes inside that area will be selected. Release the +mouse button to complete the selection. + +{{< figure src="en/.gif" alt="" >}} + +Finally, if you need to select all notes, just press **Ctrl+A**. + +Once you selected multiple notes, you can mass-edit them in various ways. + +## Editing start and end of notes + +To edit the start or the end of the note, hover an edge of a note until you +see the mouse pointer change its icon. Then press and hold the left mouse +button, drag left or right to edit, release the mouse button to confirm the +edit. + +Snapping options apply here, when snapping is enabled. Moreover, if multiple +notes are selected, they all will be shrunk or extended. + +{{< figure src="en/.gif" alt="" >}} + +Quantization effectively means adjusting start and end times of notes in a way +that makes them snap to a grid of your choice. It is something you will +probably use after real-time recording. Ardour provides some flexibility when +applying quantization: you can snap to grid just the starts, just the ends, or +both. + +Another command that effectively adjusts the duration of notes is _Legatize_. +When you have two notes that begin at different positions on the timeline, +_Legatize_ adjusts the end of the note that begins earlier so that it ends +exactly where the second note begins. + +{{< figure src="en/.gif" alt="" >}} + +This is, however, a very simple use case. You can legatize multiple notes: + +{{< figure src="en/.gif" alt="" >}} + +## Removing overlaps + +Sometimes when you perform a part, your finger won't release a key in time, so a +note will play a little longer thus resulting in overlapped notes where not are +supposed to be. + +Two commands available through the right-click menu, _Legatize_ and _Remove +Overlap_ help removing overlaps. Here is how they differ. + +FIXME + +## Shifting and transposing notes + +You can shift and/or transpose selected notes by just pressing arrow keys on +your keyboard. Alternatively, you can hover the middle of one of the selected +nodes, press the left mouse button, hold it and then drag the selection +left/right or up/down (or both). + +You can also transpose by a given amount of octaves and semitones in one go. +Left-click on the region where some notes are selected, choose _Transpose..._. +Then specify the amount of octaves and semitones to transpose by. + +{{< figure src="en/midi-note-transpose.png" alt="Transpose MIDI notes" >}} + +## Editing velocity + +Ardour uses two ways to represent a note's velocity: through color coding and +through a 2D chart. + +{{< figure src="en/velocities.png" alt="Velocities" >}} + +The paler the note and the shorter the dark line inside the note, the lower the +velocity. A deep red note and the dark line going through the entire note mean +the velocity is at (on near) its maximum value. + +To quickly change a note's velocity, hover its middle on the canvas, then start +scrolling the mouse wheel up and down to change the velocity value. When +multiple notes are selected, each will receive the same amount of adjustment. So +you can select, let's say, 3 notes at 25, 50, and 100 velocity values +respectively, increment each one by 20, and end up with notes that have 45, 70, +and 120 for velocities. + +## Applying multiple transforms all at once + +FIXME + +## Editing example start to end + +Let's have a look at this quick real-time performance capture. + +{{< figure src="en/example-original.png" alt="" >}} + +Even without listening to it, a few things stand out: + +- wrong start times; +- wrong durations; +- velocity all over the place. + +Let's fix it and start with positions and durations. + +1. Press **E** to switch to the _Internal Edit_ mode. +Rubberband-select all visible notes. + +{{< figure src="en/example-select-all.png" alt="" >}} + +2. Right-click, select _Quantize_, use 1/8 or Main Grid for note starts and +ends, because in this case, it's the same thing. + +{{< figure src="en/example-quantize-dialog.png" alt="" >}} + +This is already much better: + +{{< figure src="en/example-quantize-result.png" alt="" >}} + +But there are some overlapping notes. + +3. Right-click and select _Legatize_. + +{{< figure src="en/example-legatize.png" alt="" >}} + +4. Press **Arrow Left** key just once to shift all selected notes by one grid +unit so that they start right at the beginning of the bar: + +{{< figure src="en/example-shift-left.png" alt="" >}} + +Positions are all fine now. But there's more. + +5. It's time to cleanup velocity. Select all notes but the first one in each of +the two bars. You can do that by pressing **Ctrl+A**, then using **Ctrl-click** +twice to deselect first notes in both bars. Or you can rubber-band select the +first portion, then press and hold **Shift** and add the second portion. + +{{< figure src="en/example-select-all-but-firsts.png" alt="" >}} + +6. Right-click, select _Transform_. We need to set this to more or less the same +lower velocity, let's say, 60. So we set Velocity, we set it to an exact value, +and we use 60: + +{{< figure src="en/example-transform-all-60.png" alt="" >}} + +This, again, much better: + +{{< figure src="en/example-now-all-60.png" alt="" >}} + +But it's going to sound a little too robotic if we keep it that way. + +7. Let's call the _Transform_ dialog again and add a tiny bit of random +variation: + +{{< figure src="en/example-transform-variation-56-to-64.png" alt="" >}} + +Given the small range of the variation, the difference won't be very visible. +But if you hover individual notes, you'll see that notes' velocities are now +somewhere between 56 and 64. + +8. Finally, click the first note of the first bar and use mouse wheel scrolling +to set its velocity to 82, then repeat for the first note of the second bar. You +will now how a regular velocity pattern where the first note of each bar sounds +louder than the rest of the notes in each bar. + +{{< figure src="en/example-regular-velocity-pattern.png" alt="" >}} + + + + \ No newline at end of file