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The main body of the manual was written during a Book Sprint led by Derek @@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ In August 2015, a similar revision was made to update all screenshots and text to Ardour 4.2. The 2014 and 2015 revisions were made by Bruno Ruviaro and Alex Christie.
2016/2017 fixes by Dan “dannybpng” and Jougleur.
2018 update by Miroslav Šulc.
2021 update for Ardour v6 by Luca Aquino.
2022 update for Ardour v7 by Alexandre Prokoudine.
FURTHER HELP || GLOSSARY || -LINKS
Besides the URLs listed in the Links chapter, there are a couple of @@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ selection, etc.
GLOSSARY || LINKS || CREDITS || -LICENSE
This glossary offers brief definitions for many or the terms used throuhout the Ardour3 FLOSS Tutorial.
Appendices: FURTHER HELP || LINKS || -CREDITS
Where to find more info about Ardour and how to improve this tutorial
All chapters copyright of the authors (see below). Unless otherwise @@ -202,14 +202,14 @@ DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR -OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Useful links:
http://ardour.org/
http://manual.ardour.org/
http://jackaudio.org/
http://jackosx.com/
http://jamin.sourceforge.net/
http://jamin.sourceforge.net/en/tutorial.html
Appendices: FURTHER HELP || GLOSSARY || -CREDITS
In the following chapters we will use Ardour to create a short rhythmic passage @@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ of the Editor window and drag-and-dropping the tracks in the order you Up/Down shortcut to move it up or down.
You can also use the V check boxes in this tab to view or hide tracks in the main canvas.
Here we have ordered the drumkit so that the kick drum is on the bottom, the snare and high-hat are in the middle, and the clap is on top.
In the next step we will learn about setting up the meter to organize these -samples into a rhythm.
Next: SETTING UP THE METER
We have already learned a bit about the Grab Mode (select/move objects) and @@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ points altogether.
In the following chapter, we will see how to take the regions we have -edited and create looped sections from them.
Next: Creating looped sections
You can easily repeat sections of audio in your Ardour session.
Here, we take the short rhythmic passage we created in Working with Regions @@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ example, 16). After duplication our session looks something like this:
The single Duplicate command from the same menu (Alt+D). This lets you make a single copy at a time.The single duplicate action with Ctrl+Click on the region + Drag a copy.ContinuingIn the next tutorial we will learn about stretching/shrinking regions that are -longer or shorter than one bar in order to fit the rhythm of our passage.Next: STRETCHING/SHRINKING REGIONS
The single Duplicate command from the same menu (Alt+D). This lets you make a single copy at a time.
The single duplicate action with Ctrl+Click on the region + Drag a copy.
In the next tutorial we will learn about stretching/shrinking regions that are -longer or shorter than one bar in order to fit the rhythm of our passage.
Next: STRETCHING/SHRINKING REGIONS
In this section you will learn a few more things you can do with regions.
Right-clicking a selected region reveals a context menu. The first item @@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ main menu Region > Edit > Combine:
Region > Edit > Combine
Notice that the resulting combined region has the word “compound” attached to its name.
In the following chapter, we will learn a bit more about the powerful -tools Ardour has available by changing Edit Modes.
Next: CHANGING EDIT MODES
How to arrange tracks, then cut, loop, and stretch regions
In one of the previous chapters we already discussed that Ardour operates on @@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ choice and you don’t want these files on the disk anymore because they tak space.
Even then, you do it in two steps. First you go to Session > Clean-up > Clean-up Unused Sources to put unused original files into a trash bin, then you separately go to Session > Clean-up > Flush Wastebasket to actually tell Ardour to remove unused files physically.
Session > Clean-up > Clean-up Unused Sources
Session > Clean-up > Flush Wastebasket
Now that you are familiar with basics of non-destructive editing, let’s do some -actual arranging and editing.
Next: Arranging tracks
The time signature determines the musical speed of the passage we are @@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ Simply click on either tempo or TS button right below the secondary clock and provide a new value in the newly opened dialog.
For the tempo (button on the left), choose the number of beats per minute (bpm) for your session.
For the time signature (button with “TS” caption on the right), you can enter new values for the beats per bar as well as the note value.
Next, we will explore using ranges to set up a loop we can listen to while we -arrange the rhythm.
Next: USING RANGES
This was the last chapter of the Editing Regions section. Next we go into -Mixing.
Next: MIXING SESSIONS
A range is a selection of the timeline that can include one or more tracks. It @@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ access it.
In the next step, we will learn about working with regions to compose a rhythm -with these samples.
Next: WORKING WITH REGIONS
Sections of audio are called regions in Ardour. To compose the short rhythmic @@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ words, to constrain the boundaries of each region to certain grid points. Here, the grid has been activated and set to Beats/16, to quantize the regions to sixteenth notes within each bar. You may wish to trim the endpoints of some of the samples, as discussed above, to fit within the metric structure -you have set up.
In the next chapter, we will explore a few more things you can do with regions
Next: FURTHER REGION OPERATIONS
As you have already learned in previous chapters, exporting an isolated region @@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ tracks are heard in the exported file.
Create range markers in one of the following ways:
Click anywhere outside the range selection to lose it.
Right-click on either of the two range selection markers on the timeline and -choose the Select Range menu option. The range selection will be restored.
You can clear all existing range markers by right-clicking on the Range Markers area of the timeline and choosing Clear All Ranges.
You now know how to Export isolated Regions, selected Ranges from your Session, or the entire Session as a Stereo Mix. The last section of this tutorial explains saving sessions, snapshots, and templates.
Next: SAVING A SESSION
You may wish to export only a region of your session, perhaps to use as a @@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ them manually can be tedious. Here’s one way of exporting several regions once.
Region > Ranges
Go to the Session > Export menu and choose Export to Audio File(s) (Alt+E).
Session > Export
In the export dialog box, click on the Time span tab. You will see all the newly created ranges listed there. There is also a default range that stands for the entire session.
Under Time Span, click Select All and de-select the very first range (the “session” range). The reason is because we want to export the shorter ranges, not the whole session.
Your regions have now been exported to single audio files.
This method exports everything that falls under each defined time range. In other words, if you have other regions in other tracks sounding simultaneously with the region(s) you want to export, they will be mixed together. Another way of looking at it is this: the export operation will export everything that plays under the defined time ranges. If that is not what you want, you can use solo or mute buttons on select tracks to ensure you export only what you want.
Finally, the next chapter will discuss Exporting Ranges rather than just an individual region. The last trick (exporting multiple regions at once) in fact -already involved using ranges, as you may have guessed.
Next: EXPORTING A RANGE
Exporting is the process of saving a region, track, or entire session to a @@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ open a dialog with advanced exporting settings, enable Normalize, choos Loudness rather than Peak, and then set the desired LUFS value.
At the end of this chapter, you now have an exported stereo mix representing your entire session. You may also want to know how to export individual regions or selected ranges from your session. This will be covered briefly in the next -two chapters.
Next: EXPORTING REGIONS
How to export a region, a selection of data, and a whole session
An audio track is a place where you can drag a region from your region @@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ a single fader for multiple tracks. Please refer to the for more information.
Once you’ve added one or more tracks, you will want to put some audio material into them to work with. Continue on to the Importing Audio and Recording -Audio chapters to learn how to do this.
Next: Importing audio
Sections of audio are known as regions in Ardour. A Region can be an entire @@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ used, for example, on a laptop keyboard that does not have a proper Dele key).
Save your work often! The shortcut Control + S is your friend. Use it a lot, all the time.
Now that you have some material in your session, you might want customizing the timeline to better suit your needs or jump to recording new material live.
Next: Setting up the timeline or -Recording audio
Create your first session and learn the basics of Ardour’s user interface
The Cue window provides tools to set up live performance using Ardour. We are not going to use Cue in this tutorial, so this is just a quick overview to give you a basic idea what all this is about.
The user interface is pretty much standard for this type of a feature set.
Here are the main UI parts:
From left to right you get tracks that contain clips (not visible on the timeline when you switch to the Editor window). From top to bottom you get 8 rows called scenes, A to H.
The browser on the right allows easily dropping pre-recorded clips onto clip slots for playback. You can use both audio and MIDI clips. Dropping a clip on the empty space will create a new track and automatically fill the first slot (scene A) with that clip.
Settings below allow customizing how a clip is played, whether it is stretched to match certain bpm value, whether it triggers playback of a certain other clip etc.
Working with clip launchers is commonly referred to as non-linear workflow, because it is based on looped playback of pre-recorded clips where you don’t have to go from scene A to scene H directly.
You can set up your clip launchers in a way that a clip in scene B will play 4 times, trigger a clip in scene A that will play 2 times, then jump to clip C and play it 6 times, then go back to clip B, which will repeat the entire cycle again and again until you stop it manually. And all that without ever pressing the Play button in the transport to play a song from start to finish.
While you can play an entire song live without ever getting out of the Cue window — especially when you have a hardware grid controller and all pre-recorded clips you might need — you can integrate clip launchers into regular linear workflow in the Editor window. To do that, you need to add markers in the Cue Markers timeline.
Here is a simple example of that:
Ardour plays two bars of a regular MIDI track that uses a sampled instrument, then launches scene A at bar 3, scene B at bar 4, and stops all scenes at bar 5. You can trigger and stop scenes at any time in your otherwise linear project, as many times as you like.
Now that you are familiar with main Ardour’s windows, let’s jump to the next -section where we create a new track and then import some audio file.
Next: Creating tracks and busses
Next up is the Mixer window where you focus on making instruments stand out in -a song.
Next: Mixer window
The next sections will explain basics of main Ardour’s windows:
Editor | Mixer | Recorder | -Cue
In the next section we’ll take a quick look at the Recorder window that is streamlined for launching and controlling the recording of multiple tracks at -the same time.
Next: Recorder window
Finally, in the next section we’ll take a quick look at the Cue window that is new in Ardour 7.0 and provides a familiar user interface to launching audio and -MIDI clips.
Next: Cue window
Once you import some audio files to Ardour, play them back and start @@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ fps (Frames per Second). This can be found in the Timecode tab of the Session Properties window (menu Session > Properties or the Alt + O shortcut).
Session > Properties
Once you have done that, make sure you make the Timecode ruler visible by right-clicking in the Timeline and checking the Timecode box.
Now that you’ve set up the Timeline, continue on to the chapter on -creating tracks and busses to add one or more Tracks to your Session.
Next: CREATING A TRACK OR BUS
Ardour supports both Linux, Windows, and macOS. There is very little difference about how it works on all these operating systems. So while this tutorial assumes using Ubuntu Linux, you should expect it to work the same way on other operating systems and Linux flavors.
When you first start Ardour, it will ask you a few questions to make a basic customization: user interface and font scale (if you have a HiDPI display), default folder where new sessions would be created, preferred way to monitor signal being recorded etc.
This dialog will never be shown again, unless you wipe all settings. You can change all the preferences you set there at any time later in the Preferences dialog.
Once you get past the first-launch wizard, Ardour will suggest you create a new session from one of a few available templates.
A session encompasses all the material you have: tracks with audio and MIDI data, effects associated with tracks and busses etc. Thus, a session is essentially a project file from which you can render a mono or a stereo audio file to deliver to a client, use in a video, or upload to a streaming service.
For simplicity’s sake let’s go with an empty session as shown above.
Ardour will always automatically suggest storing a new session in the default folder that you set at the previous step.
When giving a new session a name, please avoid using any characters other than letters and numbers, like white spaces, accented letters, !@#$%*()+, periods, commas, etc. Use dashes or underscores if you like. For example, instead of “My Great Session!”, prefer “My_Great_Session”, or “MyGreatSession”, or “my-great-session”. Instead of “Açaí”, write “Acai” (without accented letters), etc.
!@#$%*()+
Name your new project and click Open .
Once you have created your Ardour session, do not manually rename any folders or files that belong to the session. Otherwise, Ardour will fail to locate the files inside those folders and will ask you to point to them.
Once you saved at least one session, the Session Setup dialog will look differently: there will be a list of recently opened sessions and a way to open an existing session that is not on that list.
At the next step, you will need to choose and configure the audio system.
On Linux, you have multiple audio systems (or backends) available. ALSA is @@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ results in a latency that is a multiple of 1ms (4ms, 6ms etc.) to produce less g but you should see if you can get a multiple of 1ms with 3 or if you should dial back to 2.
Once you’ve chosen, configured, and started the audio/MIDI backend, Ardour will try to discover any new plugins, and then you will be greeted with Ardour’s main -window:
In the next chapter you’ll familiarize yourself with Ardour’s user interface and its main windows: Editor, Mixer, Recorder, and Cue.
Next: Overview of the interface
Ardour is a professional, full-featured hard disk recorder and Digital Audio +
Ardour is a professional, full-featured hard disk recorder and Digital Audio Workstation (DAW). Ardour is Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). It features unlimited audio tracks and buses, non-destructive, non-linear editing with unlimited undo, and anything-to-anywhere signal routing. It @@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ functionality.
For information on how to install Ardour on Linux and Mac O distributions such as KXStudio and UbuntuStudio offer a wide selection of useful music software, including Ardour.
Below are some basic conventions we have adopted in this manual.
Ardour requires a two-button mouse to run (or the emulation of that on @@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ audio editing, so terms which might be unfamiliar to the general reader are capitalized throughout this manual, and are listed in boldface the first time they are used in a chapter. Glossary words are also defined in-line the first time they occur in the manual, and are -included in the glossary at the end of this tutorial.
Basic conventions in the tutorial and an introduction to digital audio
Ardour is a digital audio workstation (DAW). Beforing using it to record and @@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ using only 8 bits. By increasing the sample rate, we are able to record higher sonic frequencies, and by increasing the bit depth, we are able to use a greater dynamic range (the difference between the quietest and the loudest sounds possible to record and play).
Here is a great video tutorial explaining sampling rate and bit depth in a lot -more detail:
One of the problems you may encounter in a mix is that, depending on the @@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ more complex. They have independent control over how quickly the gate opens those described for the SC Compressor above.
Now that we’ve explored some tools for getting the dynamic range exactly where you want it, it’s time to look at adjusting the balance of frequencies present in each individual track and in your overall mix. In the next chapter, we’ll -learn how to use the equalizer to do just that.
Next: EQUALIZING
An equalizer (or EQ) allows you to separately control the gain of different @@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ using extreme EQ as a compositional parameter.
Next: USING AUTOMATION
How to use basic tools to make every instrument stand out in a mix
Levels are the volumes of each track relative to the others.
If you can’t hear a bass line above the other instruments, one obvious option @@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ case is to just record again with lower levels.
Next: PANNING
Once you have established a good balance of levels on all the tracks, you can @@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ instrument: one per kick drum, one per each snare etc. The idea is that you would route a channel into a separate bus and process it differently. Using a panner control in that case is unlikely to happen.
By now, you should have a collection of tracks which are both mixed well and have an exciting stereo image. In the following chapters, we will learn about -using plugins to enhance the sound of your mix.
Next: USING PLUGINS
Mixing is the process of converting multiple tracks into a stereo or a @@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ about using the fader and peak meters.
Finally, Routing button, marked as “Master” in the earlier screenshot, because it connects to a bus called “Master”. This was discussed earlier in the Understanding Routing chapter.
Now that we’ve had a look at the main areas of the mixer strip, we can proceed -to the Mixing Levels chapter to see how we can start to use it.
Next: MIXING LEVELS
Automation is a way of dynamically changing audio processing parameters over @@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ this with fader automation, but but it would be much harder to do it using region-specific automation.
Once you have your automation in place, you are just about ready to export your stereo mix to an audio file which you can listen to or share on a website. Please continue on to the next section to learn the different ways of doing -this.
Next: EXPORTING A SESSION
Plugins can be used to enhance or transform the sound of individual tracks.
They can be applied directly to a single track, or to a group of tracks using @@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ tend to work fine.
More information about using plugins with Ardour can be useful if that track needs a specific plugin, but if you have a plugin which is used for many tracks at the same time, you should continue to the next chapter about using sends. You can also continue to the various, plugin-specific -chapters such as Dynamics and Equalizing.
Next: USING SENDS
A Send is just an extra output for a track or bus with its own separate @@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ are also commonly called “Effect Sends”.
Next: DYNAMICS
Learn how to route signal and record audio
Besides importing existing audio files, another way to create regions in your @@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ Recording than what we have discussed here, in particular with a multichannel soundcard, or from other JACK-enabled audio programs on your computer, you should also have a look at the Understanding Routing chapter.
Next: Arranging tracks or -Understanding routing
Sometimes you may need to record the audio output of another program into @@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ under the Other tab. Its ports are connected directly to the inputs of tracks.
This concludes the Recording chapter. Now that you have some audio imported, recorded from a line or microphone input, or even from another application, proceed to the Arranging Tracks section and learn how to arrange your -composition.
NEXT: ARRANGING TRACKS
Routing an audio signal is sending it from somewhere to somewhere else.
In addition to getting audio signals to and from Ardour, routing plays an @@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ system is that it can also manage connections between applications on the same computer. To gain a better understanding of how this works, please continue to the chapter Routing Between Applications. If you would prefer to work only with Ardour, then skip ahead to the section on Arranging Tracks.
NEXT: ROUTING BETWEEN APPLICATIONS or -ARRANGING TRACKS
How to save a session, a snapshot of it, and a template for further reuse
There are a number of ways to save Sessions in Ardour, so that each session @@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ files. Please note that an archive will not contain snapshot, only the state of the session will be preserved.
Saving an entire allows you to open it again at a later time. However, if you would like to preserve a certain state that your is in, to be able to return to that state later on after you have made changes, then please continue to the -next session called Saving a Snapshot.
Next: SAVING A SNAPSHOT
A snapshot is a representation of the current state of a session at some point @@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ right:
There yo represents the original state of our session.
Click on any snapshot from the list to reload it.
Sometimes it is helpful to have a default starting point for new sessions, for example, for a setup that you use all the time when starting a new project. To learn how to do this, please continue to the next section called Saving a -Template.
Next: SAVING A TEMPLATE
If you often go through the motions of setting up the same information -in each new Session you create, such as the number of input and output -Channels, the number and names of Tracks or Busses, or the Routing, then -you may wish to create a Template of that information instead.
With a Template, you can save the state of a currently open Session -without all the Region information files. Templates are useful if, for -example, you’re doing extensive Routing on Tracks and Buses and want to -save the Editor Window’s state for use in other Sessions. An example -might be a Template to record Tracks of drums, bass, guitar and vocals, -each with their own input on the soundcard, which you might use as a -basis for each Session you created in that situation.
You can save a new Template from the Main Menu: Session > Save Template. You are asked to give the new Template a name:
When creating a new Session, you can load up a previously saved Template:
In summary: Session Templates are a way to store the setup of a session for future use. They do not store any audio data but can store:
Congratulations, you have reached the end of this introduction to Ardour! We hope that this tutorial has been useful for you to learn the key functions of Ardour.
In the following section, the Appendices, we have included some -extra information we thought would be useful to new users of Ardour, -including how to get Further Help, a Glossary of technical terms -used in this manual, some Links to further information about Ardour -on the Internet and, last but not least, the Credits of those -involved in creating this Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) Manual.
Thanks for reading, and if you have some knowledge about Ardour that is -not included here, please feel free to propose changes (more info on how to do it: How to Contribute. Also, this manual itself is fully open source and lives at https://github.com/brunoruviaro/ardour4-tutorial. You can even fork it and create your own customized version of it!
Appendices: +Home > Saving sessions > Saving a template
If you often go through the motions of setting up the same information in each +new session you create, such as tracks/busses, their names and interconnections, what plugins with what settings you have in mixer channels +etc., then you may wish to create a template instead.
With a template, you can save the state of a currently open session without +all the region information files. Templates are useful if, for example, you’re +doing extensive routing on tracks and busses and want to save the Editor +window’s state for use in other sessions.
An example might be a template to record tracks of drums, bass, guitar and +vocals, each with their own input on the soundcard, which you might use as a +basis for each session you created in that situation.
You can save a new template from the main menu: Session > Save Template. You +are asked to give the new template a name and optionally provide a description that will show up in the Session Setup dialog:
Session > Save Template
When creating a new session, you can load up a previously saved template. All +you will need is to tell Ardour where on the disk to save the session:
Congratulations, you have reached the end of this introduction to Ardour! We +hope that this tutorial has been useful for you to learn the key functions of +the program.
In the following section, the Appendices, we have included some extra +information we thought would be useful to new users of Ardour, including how to +get Further Help, a Glossary of +technical terms used in this manual, some Links to further +information about Ardour on the Internet and, last but not least, the +Credits of those involved in creating this free/libre +open-source software (FLOSS) manual.
Thanks for reading, and if you have some knowledge about Ardour that is not +included here, please feel free to propose changes (more info on how to do it: +How to Contribute. Also, this manual itself is fully +open-source and lives at +GitHub. +You can even fork it and create your own customized version of it!
Appendices: FURTHER HELP || GLOSSARY || LINKS || -CREDITS
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