<scripttype=text/javascript>varbaseurl="https://prokoudine.github.io/ardour-tutorial/en"</script><scripttype=text/javascriptsrc=/ardour-tutorial/js/search.js?1648467578></script></div><sectionid=homelinks><ul><li><aclass=paddinghref=/ardour-tutorial/en/><iclass="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a></li></ul></section><divclass=highlightable><ulclass=topics><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/title=Introductionclass=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/><b>1. </b>Introduction</a><ul><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/title=Conventionsclass=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/conventions/>Conventions</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/title="What is digital audio?"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/introduction/what-is-digital-audio/>What is digital audio?</a></li></ul></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/title="Getting started"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/><b>2. </b>Getting started</a><ul><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/title="Starting Ardour"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/starting-ardour-on-ubuntu/>Starting Ardour</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/title="Overview of the Interface"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/>Overview of the Interface</a><ul><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/title="Editor window"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/editor-window/>Editor window</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/title="Mixer window"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/mixer-window/>Mixer window</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/title="Recorder window"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/recorder-window/>Recorder window</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/title="Cue window"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/overview-of-the-interface/cue-window/>Cue window</a></li></ul></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/title="Creating tracks and busses"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/creating-tracks-and-busses/>Creating tracks and busses</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/title="Importing audio"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/importing-audio/>Importing audio</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/title="Setting up the timeline"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/getting-started/setting-up-the-timeline/>Setting up the timeline</a></li></ul></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/title=Recordingclass=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/><b>3. </b>Recording</a><ul><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/title="Recording audio"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/recording-audio/>Recording audio</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/title="Understanding routing"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/understanding-routing/>Understanding routing</a></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/title="Routing between applications"class=dd-item><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/recording-audio/routing-between-applications/>Routing between applications</a></li></ul></li><lidata-nav-id=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/title="Editing sessions"class="dd-item
<spanclass=links><ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/>Home</a> > <ahref=/ardour-tutorial/en/editing-sessions/>Editing sessions</a> > Further region operations</span></div><divclass=progress><divclass=wrapper><navid=TableOfContents><ul><li><ahref=#pitch-shifting>Pitch Shifting</a></li><li><ahref=#normalize>Normalize</a></li><li><ahref=#reverse>Reverse</a></li><li><ahref=#operations-on-two-or-more-selected-ranges>Operations on two or more selected Ranges</a><ul><li><ahref=#combine>Combine</a></li></ul></li><li><ahref=#continuing>Continuing</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><divid=head-tags></div><divid=body-inner><h1>Further region operations</h1><p>In this section you will learn a few more things you can do with Regions.</p><p>Right-clicking a selected Region reveals a context menu. The first item
in the menu (labeled with the Region’s name) contains a large sub-menu.
All of these operations are also available from Ardour’s main <em>Region</em>
menu.</p><p>This section describes a few of the most commonly used operations
accessible from these menus.</p><p><imgsrc=en/Ardour4_Region_Menu_1.pngalt="region menu 1"></p><ul><li><strong>Play</strong>: play back from the beginning to the end of
that Region (shortcut “<em>H</em>”).</li><li><strong>Loop</strong>: set the loop range to fit that region’s duration, and
start looping it right away.</li><li><strong>Rename</strong>: change a region’s name.</li><li><strong>Properties</strong>: lots of information on the region, plus ability to
change its gain.</li><li><strong>Position</strong>: among other options, in this sub-menu you will find
The <strong>Lock</strong> toggle box: it locks the Region so that it cannot be
Moved or Trimmed. It can still be Split, however, and the resulting
Regions will be unlocked.</li><li><strong>Edit</strong>: in this sub-menu you find useful tools such as <strong>Pitch Shift</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 8</em>”) and <strong>Reverse</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 4</em>”). Pitch Shift alters the pitch of a region without changing its duration. Reverse makes the region play backwards.</li><li><strong>Gain</strong>: useful options such as <strong>Mute</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 1</em>), <strong>Normalize</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 3</em>”), <strong>Boost Gain</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 6</em>”), and <strong>Cut Gain</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 7</em>”).</li><li><strong>Duplicate</strong>: includes Duplicate (shortcut “<em>Alt + D</em>”), Multi-Duplicate, and Fill Track.
These were explained in detail in the chapter <ahref=../working-with-regions>Working with
Regions</a>.</li><li><strong>Spectral Analysis</strong>: window displaying the overall frequency
content of the Region.</li></ul><p>Feel free to explore by yourself other sub-menus not mentioned above.
Many of them are mirrors of the options you find under Ardour’s
<em>Region</em> menu. Below we go into a bit more details on some of the most
useful functions.</p><h2id=pitch-shifting>Pitch Shifting</h2><p>The <strong>Pitch Shift</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 8</em>”) function alters the pitch of a region without
changing its duration. The function applies a pitch-shifting algorithm
to create a new audio clip based on the source clip.</p><p>The Pitch Shift window allows the user to specify the amount and direction of
transposition desired. The window includes a <strong>Preserve Formants</strong>
button. When pitch shifting by large amounts, the Preserve Formants
option can give results that sound slightly more natural, particularly
when used on vocal material.</p><p><imgsrc=en/Ardour4_Pitch_Shift_Window.pngalt="pitch shift"></p><h2id=normalize>Normalize</h2><p>The <strong>Normalize</strong> function (shortcut <em>“Alt” + “3”</em>) non-destructively boosts the level of the
selected Region so that the <strong>Peaks</strong> are at 0 dB or less. When Normalizing
to 0.0, the region will be as loud as possible while avoiding <strong>Clipping</strong>.
Sometimes you may find useful to normalize a region to a value less than 0,
such as -1.0, -3.0, or -6.0 decibels, so it doesn’t become too loud.</p><p><imgsrc=en/Ardour4_Normalize_Window.pngalt=normalize></p><p>Two other useful gain operations for regions are Boost Gain (<em>“Alt” + “6”</em>), and Cut Gain (<em>“Alt” + “7”</em>). Be sure to try them out.</p><h2id=reverse>Reverse</h2><p>The <strong>Reverse</strong> (shortcut “<em>Alt + 4</em>”) function reverses the selected region of audio, in
effect causing it to play backwards. Reversing a region creates a
new audio file ‘behind the scenes’.</p><h2id=operations-on-two-or-more-selected-ranges>Operations on two or more selected Ranges</h2><p>If more than one range is selected, the operation will apply to all of
them (for example, Normalize, Reverse, etc.)</p><h3id=combine>Combine</h3><p>Some operations from the context menu will only become available when
two or more regions are selected. For example, let’s take a look at the
“Combine” function, under the sub-menu “Edit”. First we select two
adjacent regions:</p><p><imgsrc=en/Ardour4_Region_Combine.pngalt=combine></p><p>Then we choose “Combine” from the right-click context menu, or from
Ardour’s main menu <em>Region > Edit > Combine</em>:</p><p><imgsrc=en/Ardour4_Region_Combine_2.pngalt="combine 2"></p><p>As a result, the selected regions are combined into one. This is
particulary useful when you have found an exact sequence of regions that
works just as you want, and then you would like to copy and/or move the
whole sequence as group.</p><p>Notice that the resulting combined region has the word “compound”
attached to its name.</p><p><imgsrc=en/Ardour4_Region_Combine_3.pngalt="combine 3"></p><h2id=continuing>Continuing</h2><p>In the following chapter, we will learn a bit more about the powerful
tools Ardour has available by changing <strong>Edit Modes</strong>.</p><p>Next: <ahref=../changing-edit-modes>CHANGING EDIT MODES</a></p><footerclass=footline></footer></div></div><divid=navigation></div></section><divstyle=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><divstyle=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><scriptsrc=/ardour-tutorial/js/clipboard.min.js?1648467578></script>
